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J Appl Physiol 92: 1417-1422, 2002. First published November 23, 2001; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00934.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 4, 1417-1422, April 2002

Double-stranded RNA causes airway hyperreactivity and neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction

William M. L. Bowerfind1, Allison D. Fryer2, and David B. Jacoby1,2

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine; and the 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Viral infection causes dysfunction of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors (M2Rs) on parasympathetic nerves, leading to airway hyperreactivity. The mechanisms of M2R dysfunction are incompletely understood. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a product of viral replication, promotes the expression of interferons. Interferon-gamma decreases M2R gene expression in cultured airway parasympathetic neurons. In this study, guinea pigs were treated with dsRNA (1 mg/kg ip) on 2 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours later, anesthetized guinea pigs had dysfunctional M2Rs and were hyperresponsive to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves, in the absence of inflammation. DsRNA did not affect either cholinesterase or the function of postjunctional M3 muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle. M2Rs on the nerves supplying the heart were also dysfunctional, but M2Rs on the heart muscle itself functioned normally. Thus dsRNA causes increased bronchoconstriction and bradycardia via increased release of ACh from the vagus nerves because of loss of M2R function on parasympathetic nerves in the lungs and heart. Production of dsRNA may be a mechanism by which viruses cause dysfunction of neuronal M2Rs and airway hyperreactivity.

asthma; interferon; parasympathetic nerves; protein kinase R; viral infection


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