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J Appl Physiol 92: 1169-1175, 2002. First published November 16, 2001; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00697.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 3, 1169-1175, March 2002

Mechanical ventilation of isolated rat lungs changes the structure and biophysical properties of surfactant

Ruud A. W. Veldhuizen1,2,3, Blayne Welk3, Rob Harbottle4, Stephen Hearn1, Kaushik Nag4,5, Nils Petersen4, and Fred Possmayer1,5

1 Lawson Health Research Institute and Departments of 2 Physiology, 3 Medicine, 4 Chemistry, 5 Obstetrics and Gyneacology, and 6 Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

Mechanical ventilation is an essential but potentially harmful therapeutic intervention for patients with acute lung injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mechanical ventilation on large-aggregate surfactant (LA) structure and function. Isolated rat lungs were randomized to either a nonventilated control group, a relatively noninjuriously ventilated group [1 h, 10 ml/kg tidal volume, 3 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)], or an injuriously ventilated group (1 h, 20 ml/kg tidal volume, 0 cmH2O PEEP). Injurious ventilation resulted in significantly decreased lung compliance compared with the other two groups. LA structure, as determined by electron microscopy, revealed that LA from the injurious group had significantly lower amounts of organized lipid-protein structures compared with LA obtained from the other groups. Analysis of the biophysical properties by using a captive bubble surfactometer demonstrated that adsorption and surface tension reduction were significantly impaired with LA from the injuriously ventilated lungs. We conclude that the injurious mechanical ventilation impairs LA function and that this impairment is associated with significant morphological alterations.

captive bubble surfactometer; surface tension; acute lung injury


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