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J Appl Physiol 92: 1083-1088, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00135.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 3, 1083-1088, March 2002

ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and submaximal exercise hemodynamics in postmenopausal women

James M. Hagberg1,3, Steve D. McCole1,2, Michael D. Brown1,3, Robert E. Ferrell4, Kenneth R. Wilund3, Andrea Huberty5, Larry W. Douglass6, and Geoffrey E. Moore1

1 Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15213; 2 Department of Human Kinetics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201; 3 Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park; 4 Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; and 5 Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, and 6 Biometrics Program, Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

We sought to determine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is associated with submaximal exercise cardiovascular hemodynamics. Postmenopausal healthy women (20 sedentary, 20 physically active, 22 endurance athletes) had cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing) measured during 40, 60, and 80% VO2 max exercise. The interaction of ACE genotype and habitual physical activity (PA) level was significantly associated with submaximal exercise systolic blood pressure, with only sedentary women exhibiting differences among genotypes. No significant effects of ACE genotype or its interaction with PA levels was observed for submaximal exercise diastolic blood pressure. ACE genotype was significantly associated with submaximal exercise heart rate (HR) with ACE II having ~10 beats/min higher HR than ACE ID/DD genotype women. ACE genotype did not interact significantly with habitual PA level to associate with submaximal exercise HR. ACE genotype was not independently, but was interactively with habitual PA levels, associated with differences in submaximal exercise cardiac output and stroke volume. For cardiac output, ACE II genotype women athletes had ~25% greater cardiac output than ACE DD genotype women athletes, whereas for stroke volume genotype-dependent differences were observed in both the physically active and athletic women. ACE genotype was not significantly associated, either independently or interactively with habitual PA levels, with submaximal exercise total peripheral resistance or arteriovenous O2 difference. Thus the common ACE locus polymorphic variation is associated with many submaximal exercise cardiovascular hemodynamic responses.

heart rate; cardiac output; blood pressure; stroke volume


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