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J Appl Physiol 92: 870-877, 2002. First published November 2, 2001; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00904.2001
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Vol. 92, Issue 2, 870-877, February 2002

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
Functional Genomics of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
Selected Contribution: Circadian rhythm variation in activity, body temperature, and heart rate between C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J inbred strains

Clarke G. Tankersley1, Rafael Irizarry2, Susan Flanders1, and Richard Rabold1

Departments of 1 Environmental Health Sciences and 2 Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Inbred mice have been routinely used in studies of genetic effects that determine behavioral variation due to circadian rhythm. In addition to activity patterns (Act), we aimed to characterize variations in the circadian rhythm of deep-body temperature (Tdb) and heart rate (HR) in a specific genetic model of differential cardiorespiratory control. Radiotelemeters were implanted in C3H/HeJ (C3; n = 11) and C57BL/6J (B6; n = 11) inbred strains. Reciprocal first-generation offspring, B6C3F1/J (B6F1; n = 8) and C3B6F1 (C3F1; n = 3) mice, were included to initiate an evaluation of heritable phenotypes. Mice were housed individually in a facility maintained at 23-24°C, and the light-dark cycle was set at 12-h intervals. In each animal, repeated measurements were obtained at 30-min intervals, and the circadian patterns of Act, Tdb, and HR were assessed by novel statistical methods that detailed the periodic function for each strain. During the dark phase, B6 mice demonstrated two distinct peaks in Act and Tdb relative to a single early peak for C3 mice. In contrast to the parental strains, B6F1 and C3F1 mice demonstrated intermediate second peaks in Act and Tdb. With respect to HR, the C3 strain demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.01) greater daily average compared with B6 mice. The circadian rhythm in HR differed significantly from the Act and Tdb patterns in B6 mice (but not in C3 mice); that is, the periodicity in HR for B6 mice preceded the rise and fall in Act and Tdb during both peaks. The B6 phenotype was also observed in F1 mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that the circadian regulation of Act, Tdb, and HR vary significantly among C3, B6, and F1 mice. Furthermore, phenotypic differences between C3 and B6 strains can be used to explore the genetic basis for differential circadian regulation of body temperature and HR.

set-point temperature; heart rate regulation; broad-sense heritability; functional genomics


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