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1 Swiss Paediatric Respiratory Physiology Research Group, University Children's Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern; and 2 Swiss Paediatric Respiratory Physiology Research Group, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
Tidal fractional exhaled nitric oxide
(FENO) changes were investigated in healthy,
unsedated infants with or without prenatal tobacco exposure.
Tidal flow (
), FENO, and CO2
were measured in 20 healthy, unsedated infants [age: 25-58 days,
length: 56.5 ± 2.5 (SE) cm]. NO output (NO)
was calculated (NO =
FENO × ). Two approaches were used
to investigate within-breath changes of FENO
and NO. First, we identified phases II and III from the expiratory capnogram. Second, we divided expiration into time-based quartiles. Tidal FENO (range: 14.5 ± 1.6 to 17.6 ± 2.1 parts/billion: quartile 4 and phase II,
respectively) was not different between portions and exhibited
significant negative dependence. NO was
significantly dependent on the expiratory portion, with quartile 4 being significantly lower than the remaining expiratory
portions. Infants exposed to prenatal cigarette smoke
(n = 7) exhibited significantly lower
FENO and NO compared with
nonexposed (n = 13) infants. We conclude that tidal
FENO is dependent and that
NO may be a more suitable outcome parameter in
variable conditions. Prenatal tobacco exposure resulted in a
decreased FENO and NO in infants.
tidal breathing; lung function
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