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Departments of 1 Anesthesiology and 2 Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Maximal
relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in response to atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP), which stimulates particulate guanylyl
cyclase (pGC), is less than that produced by nitric oxide (NO) and
other compounds that stimulate soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC).
We hypothesized that stimulation of pGC relaxes ASM only by
decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration
([Ca2+]i), whereas stimulation of sGC
decreases both [Ca2+]i and the force
developed for a given [Ca2+]i (i.e., the
Ca2+ sensitivity) during muscarinic stimulation. We
measured the relationship between force and
[Ca2+]i (using fura 2) under control
conditions (using diltiazem to change
[Ca2+]i) and during exposure to ANP,
diethylamine-NO (DEA-NO), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the
Sp diastereoisomer of
-phenyl-1,N2-etheno-8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclic
monophosphorothionate (Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS), a cell-permeant
analog of cGMP. Addition of DEA-NO, SNP, or
Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS decreased both
[Ca2+]i and force, causing a significant
rightward shift of the force-[Ca2+]i
relationship. In contrast, with ANP exposure, the
force-[Ca2+]i relationship was identical to
control, such that ANP produced relaxation solely by decreasing
[Ca2+]i. Thus, during muscarinic
stimulation, stimulation of pGC relaxes ASM exclusively by decreasing
[Ca2+]i, whereas stimulation of sGC decreases
both [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ sensitivity.
calcium sensitivity; bronchodilation; nitrovasodilators
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