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1 Center for Biomedical Engineering and Division of Cardiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0070; and 2 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92103-8341
The autonomic
nervous system drives variability in heart rate, vascular tone, cardiac
ejection, and arterial pressure, but gender differences in autonomic
regulation of the latter three parameters are not well documented. In
addition to mean values, we used spectral analysis to calculate
variability in arterial pressure, heart rate (R-R interval, RRI),
stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) and measured
circulating levels of catecholamines and pancreatic polypeptide in two
groups of 25 ± 1.2-yr-old, healthy men and healthy
follicular-phase women (40 total subjects, 10 men and 10 women per
group). Group 1 subjects were studied supine, before and
after 
- and muscarinic autonomic blockades, administered singly and
together on separate days of study. Group 2 subjects were
studied supine and drug free with the additional measurement of skin
perfusion. In the unblocked state, we found that circulating levels of
epinephrine and total spectral power of stroke volume, TPR, and skin
perfusion ranged from two to six times greater in men than in women.
The difference (men > women) in spectral power of TPR was
maintained after - and muscarinic blockades, suggesting that the
greater oscillations of vascular resistance in men may be
-adrenergically mediated. Men exhibited muscarinic buffering of mean
TPR whereas women exhibited -adrenergic buffering of mean TPR as
well as TPR and heart rate oscillations. Women had a greater
distribution of RRI power in the breathing frequency range and a less
negative slope of ln RRI power vs. ln frequency, both indicators that
parasympathetic stimuli were the dominant influence on women's heart
rate variability. The results of our study suggest a predominance of
sympathetic vascular regulation in men compared with a dominant
parasympathetic influence on heart rate regulation in women.
catecholamines; spectral power; stroke volume; peripheral resistance; atropine; propranolol; autonomic balance; skin perfusion; arterial pressure; heart rate
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