Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 91: 2248-2254, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 91, Issue 5, 2248-2254, November 2001

Influence of gender on upper airway mechanics: upper airway resistance and Pcrit

James A. Rowley, Xusong Zhou, Isabelle Vergine, Mahdi A. Shkoukani, and M. Safwan Badr

Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201

It has been proposed that the difference in sleep apnea prevalence is related to gender differences in upper airway anatomy and physiology. To explain the prevalence difference, we hypothesized that men would have an increased upper airway resistance and increased critical closing pressure (Pcrit) compared with women. In protocol 1, resistance at two points, fixed flow of 0.2 l/s (RL) and peak flow (Rpk), was measured in 33 men and 27 women without significant sleep-disordered breathing. We found no difference in either RL (-6.9 ± 5.9 vs. -8.6 ± 8.2 cmH2O) or Rpk (-9.3 ± 6.8 vs. -10.0 ± 11.9 cmH2O) between the men and women. A multiple linear regression to correct for the effects of age and body mass index confirmed that gender had no effect on resistance. In protocol 2, Pcrit was measured in eight men and eight women without sleep-disordered breathing. We found no difference in Pcrit (-10.4 ± 3.1 vs. -8.8 ± 2.7 cmH2O) between men and women. We conclude that there are no significant differences in collapsibility between men and women. We present an unifying hypothesis to explain the divergent findings of gender differences in upper airway physiology.

collapsibility; compliance; flow limitation; critical closing pressure


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