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J Appl Physiol 91: 1708-1712, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 91, Issue 4, 1708-1712, October 2001

Strenuous exercise decreases the percentage of type 1 T cells in the circulation

Adam Steensberg1,2, Anders Dyhr Toft1,2, Helle Bruunsgaard1, Marie Sandmand1, Jens Halkjær-Kristensen3, and Bente Klarlund Pedersen1,2

1 Department of Infectious Diseases, 2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and 3 Department of Orthopedic Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

Prolonged strenuous exercise is followed by a temporary functional immune impairment. Low numbers of CD4+ T helper (Th) and CD8+ T cytotoxic (Tc) cells are found in the circulation. These cells can be divided according to their cytokine profile into type 1 (Th1 and Tc1), which produce interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, and type 2 (Th2 and Tc2) cells, which produce IL-4. The question addressed in the present study was whether exercise affected the relative balance between the circulating levels of these cytokine-producing T cells. Nine male runners performed treadmill running for 2.5 h at 75% of maximal oxygen consumption. The intracellular expression of cytokines was detected following stimulation with ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in blood obtained before, during, and after exercise. The percentage of type 1 T cells in the circulation was suppressed at the end of exercise and 2 h after exercise, whereas no changes were found in the percentage of type 2 T cells. Plasma epinephrine correlated negatively with the percentage of circulating CD8+ T cells producing IL-2, whereas peak IL-6 correlated with the percentage of CD8+ IL-4-producing T cells in the circulation. Peak plasma IL-6 correlated with plasma cortisol postrunning. In conclusion, the postexercise decrease in T lymphocyte number is accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in type 1 T cells, which may be linked to high plasma epinephrine. Furthermore, IL-6 may stimulate type 2 T cells, thereby maintaining a relatively unaltered percentage of these cells in the circulation compared with total circulating lymphocyte number.

interleukin-4; interleukin-2; interleukin-6; interleukin-12; interferon-gamma


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