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J Appl Physiol 91: 1600-1610, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 91, Issue 4, 1600-1610, October 2001

A system to impose prescribed homogenous strains on cultured cells

Christopher M. Waters1,2, Matthew R. Glucksberg1, Eugene P. Lautenschlager3, Chyh-Woei Lee1, Reed M. Van Matre1, Richard J. Warp1, Ushma Savla1, Kevin E. Healy1,3, Brian Moran4, David G. Castner5, and Jane P. Bearinger1,3

1 Biomedical Engineering and 4 Civil Engineering Departments, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; 2 Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; 3 Division of Biological Materials, Dental School, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; and 5 NESAC/BIO, Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

There is presently significant interest in cellular responses to physical forces, and numerous devices have been developed to apply stretch to cultured cells. Many of the early devices were limited by the heterogeneity of deformation of cells in different locations and by the high degree of anisotropy at a particular location. We have therefore developed a system to impose cyclic, large-strain, homogeneous stretch on a multiwell surface-treated silicone elastomer substrate plated with pulmonary epithelial cells. The pneumatically driven mechanism consists of four plates each with a clamp to fix one edge of the cruciform elastomer substrate. Four linear bearings set at predetermined angles between the plates ensure a constant ratio of principal strains throughout the stretch cycle. We present the design of the device and membrane shape, the surface modifications of the membrane to promote cell adhesion, predicted and experimental measurements of the strain field, and new data using cultured airway epithelial cells. We present for the first time the relationship between the magnitude of cyclic mechanical strain and the extent of wound closure and cell spreading.

airway epithelial cells; biaxial strain; surface chemistry; cellular biomechanics


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