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J Appl Physiol 91: 1563-1573, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 91, Issue 4, 1563-1573, October 2001

Effects of volatile anesthetics on stiffness of mammalian ventricular muscle

Anna E. Bartunek1,2, Victor A. Claes3, and Philippe R. Housmans1

1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; 2 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; and 3 Laboratory of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium

To assess the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on cross bridges in intact cardiac muscle, electrically stimulated (0.25 Hz, 25°C) right ventricular ferret papillary muscles (n = 14) were subjected to sinusoidal load oscillations (37-182 Hz, 0.2-0.5 mN peak to peak) at the instantaneous self-resonant frequency of the muscle-lever system. At resonance, stiffness is proportional to m * omega 2 (where m is equivalent moving mass and omega  is angular frequency). Dynamic stiffness was derived by relating total stiffness to values of passive stiffness at each length during shortening and lengthening. Shortening amplitude and dynamic stiffness were decreased by halothane > isoflurane >=  sevoflurane. At equal peak shortening, dynamic stiffness was higher in halothane or isoflurane in high extracellular Ca2+ concentration than in control. Halothane and isoflurane increased passive stiffness. The decrease in dynamic stiffness and shortening results in part from direct effects of volatile anesthetics at the level of cross bridges. The increase in passive stiffness caused by halothane and isoflurane may reflect an effect on weakly bound cross bridges and/or an effect on passive elastic elements.

isotonic contraction; calcium; cross bridges; shortening; resting length


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