| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as an important energy-sensing/signaling system in skeletal muscle. This kinase is activated allosterically by 5'-AMP and inhibited allosterically by creatine phosphate. Phosphorylation of AMPK by an upstream kinase, AMPK kinase (also activated allosterically by 5'-AMP), results in activation. It is activated in both rat and human muscle in response to muscle contraction, the extent of activation depending on work rate and muscle glycogen concentration. AMPK can also be activated chemically in resting muscle with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside, which enters the muscle and is phosphorylated to form ZMP, a nucleotide that mimics the effect of 5'-AMP. Once activated, AMPK is hypothesized to phosphorylate proteins involved in triggering fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Evidence is also accumulating for a role of AMPK in inducing some of the adaptations to endurance training, including the increase in muscle GLUT-4, hexokinase, uncoupling protein 3, and some of the mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. It thus appears that AMPK has the capability of monitoring intramuscular energy charge and then acutely stimulating fat oxidation and glucose uptake to counteract the increased rates of ATP utilization during muscle contraction. In addition, this system may have the capability of enhancing capacity for ATP production when the muscle is exposed to endurance training.
fatty acid oxidation; GLUT-4; glucose transport; malonyl-CoA; muscle mitochondria
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. Kawasaki, F. Hokari, M. Sasaki, A. Sakai, K. Koshinaka, and K. Kawanaka Role of local muscle contractile activity in the exercise-induced increase in NR4A receptor mRNA expression J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2009; 106(6): 1826 - 1831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Fan, Y. Ding, S. Brown, L. Zhou, M. Shaw, M. C. Vella, H. Cheng, E. C. McNay, R. S. Sherwin, and R. J. McCrimmon Hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase activation with AICAR amplifies counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): R1702 - R1708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Vernia, M. C. Solaz-Fuster, J. V. Gimeno-Alcaniz, T. Rubio, L. Garcia-Haro, M. Foretz, S. R. de Cordoba, and P. Sanz AMP-activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylates R5/PTG, the Glycogen Targeting Subunit of the R5/PTG-Protein Phosphatase 1 Holoenzyme, and Accelerates Its Down-regulation by the Laforin-Malin Complex J. Biol. Chem., March 27, 2009; 284(13): 8247 - 8255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Benziane, T. J. Burton, B. Scanlan, D. Galuska, B. J. Canny, A. V. Chibalin, J. R. Zierath, and N. K. Stepto Divergent cell signaling after short-term intensified endurance training in human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2008; 295(6): E1427 - E1438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. K. Yeo, S. J. Lessard, Z.-P. Chen, A. P. Garnham, L. M. Burke, D. A. Rivas, B. E. Kemp, and J. A. Hawley Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2008; 105(5): 1519 - 1526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Fujii, R. C. Ho, Y. Manabe, N. Jessen, T. Toyoda, W. L. Holland, S. A. Summers, M. F. Hirshman, and L. J. Goodyear Ablation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase {alpha}2 Activity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance Induced by High-Fat Feeding of Mice Diabetes, November 1, 2008; 57(11): 2958 - 2966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, Z. Xie, Y. Dong, S. Wang, C. Liu, and M.-H. Zou Identification of Nitric Oxide as an Endogenous Activator of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase in Vascular Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 10, 2008; 283(41): 27452 - 27461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K Nyblom, E. Sargsyan, and P. Bergsten AMP-activated protein kinase agonist dose dependently improves function and reduces apoptosis in glucotoxic {beta}-cells without changing triglyceride levels J. Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2008; 41(3): 187 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Thomson, C. A. Fick, and S. E. Gordon AMPK activation attenuates S6K1, 4E-BP1, and eEF2 signaling responses to high-frequency electrically stimulated skeletal muscle contractions J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2008; 104(3): 625 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Green, T. A. Duhamel, G. P. Holloway, J. W. Moule, D. W. Ranney, A. R. Tupling, and J. Ouyang Rapid upregulation of GLUT-4 and MCT-4 expression during 16 h of heavy intermittent cycle exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): R594 - R600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Henriksen Improvement of insulin sensitivity by antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R974 - R980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. W. Shen, K. R. Underwood, W. J. Means, R. J. McCormick, and M. Du The halothane gene, energy metabolism, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and glycolysis in postmortem pig longissimus dorsi muscle J Anim Sci, April 1, 2007; 85(4): 1054 - 1061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Miyamoto, T. Toyoda, T. Hayashi, S. Yonemitsu, M. Nakano, S. Tanaka, K. Ebihara, H. Masuzaki, K. Hosoda, Y. Ogawa, et al. Effect of acute activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase on glycogen regulation in isolated rat skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2007; 102(3): 1007 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Freyssenet Energy sensing and regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 529 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. C. Long, S. Glund, P. M. Garcia-Roves, and J. R. Zierath Calcineurin Regulates Skeletal Muscle Metabolism via Coordinated Changes in Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem., January 19, 2007; 282(3): 1607 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Thomson, B. B. Porter, J. H. Tall, H-J. Kim, J. R. Barrow, and W. W. Winder Skeletal muscle and heart LKB1 deficiency causes decreased voluntary running and reduced muscle mitochondrial marker enzyme expression in mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E196 - E202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Jorgensen, J. T. Treebak, B. Viollet, P. Schjerling, S. Vaulont, J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, and E. A. Richter Role of AMPK{alpha}2 in basal, training-, and AICAR-induced GLUT4, hexokinase II, and mitochondrial protein expression in mouse muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E331 - E339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. U. Niesler, K. H. Myburgh, and F. Moore Muscle: The changing AMPK expression profile in differentiating mouse skeletal muscle myoblast cells helps confer increasing resistance to apoptosis Exp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 92(1): 207 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Al-Khalili, K. Bouzakri, S. Glund, F. Lonnqvist, H. A. Koistinen, and A. Krook Signaling Specificity of Interleukin-6 Action on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2006; 20(12): 3364 - 3375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Raney and L. P. Turcotte Regulation of contraction-induced FA uptake and oxidation by AMPK and ERK1/2 is intensity dependent in rodent muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2006; 291(6): E1220 - E1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Lee-Young, M. J. Palmer, K. C. Linden, K. LePlastrier, B. J. Canny, M. Hargreaves, G. D. Wadley, B. E. Kemp, and G. K. McConell Carbohydrate ingestion does not alter skeletal muscle AMPK signaling during exercise in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2006; 291(3): E566 - E573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Roepstorff, M. Thiele, T. Hillig, H. Pilegaard, E. A. Richter, J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, and B. Kiens Higher skeletal muscle {alpha}2AMPK activation and lower energy charge and fat oxidation in men than in women during submaximal exercise J. Physiol., July 1, 2006; 574(1): 125 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Connolly, S. Braunstein, S. Formenti, and R. J. Schneider Hypoxia Inhibits Protein Synthesis through a 4E-BP1 and Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Pathway Controlled by mTOR and Uncoupled in Breast Cancer Cells Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2006; 26(10): 3955 - 3965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gregor, A. Zeold, S. Oehler, K. A. Marobela, P. Fuchs, G. Weigel, D. G. Hardie, and G. Wiche Plectin scaffolds recruit energy-controlling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in differentiated myofibres J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2006; 119(9): 1864 - 1875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Wadley, R. S. Lee-Young, B. J. Canny, C. Wasuntarawat, Z. P. Chen, M. Hargreaves, B. E. Kemp, and G. K. McConell Effect of exercise intensity and hypoxia on skeletal muscle AMPK signaling and substrate metabolism in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2006; 290(4): E694 - E702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, W. J. Ellingson, J. D. Lamb, D. G. Chesser, C. L. Compton, and W. W. Winder Evidence against regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and LKB1/STRAD/MO25 activity by creatine phosphate Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2006; 290(4): E661 - E669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Hancock, E. Janssen, and R. L. Terjung Contraction-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK is lower in skeletal muscle of adenylate kinase-deficient mice J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2006; 100(2): 406 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, J. D. Lamb, R. W. Hurst, D. G. Chesser, W. J. Ellingson, L. J. Greenwood, B. B. Porter, S. T. Herway, and W. W. Winder Endurance training increases skeletal muscle LKB1 and PGC-1{alpha} protein abundance: effects of time and intensity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2005; 289(6): E960 - E968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. J. Lee, I. K. Lee, H. S. Kim, Y. M. Kim, E. H. Koh, J. C. Won, S. M. Han, M.-S. Kim, I. Jo, G. T. Oh, et al. {alpha}-Lipoic Acid Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in Obese Rats via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2005; 25(12): 2488 - 2494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K McConell, R. S Lee-Young, Z.-P. Chen, N. K Stepto, N. N Huynh, T. J Stephens, B. J Canny, and B. E Kemp Short-term exercise training in humans reduces AMPK signalling during prolonged exercise independent of muscle glycogen J. Physiol., October 15, 2005; 568(2): 665 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A Brooks Governor recalled! Now what? J. Physiol., October 15, 2005; 568(2): 355 - 355. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hurst, E. B. Taylor, T. D. Cline, L. J. Greenwood, C. L. Compton, J. D. Lamb, and W. W. Winder AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in contracting muscle of sedentary and endurance-trained rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E710 - E715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Creer, P. Gallagher, D. Slivka, B. Jemiolo, W. Fink, and S. Trappe Influence of muscle glycogen availability on ERK1/2 and Akt signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2005; 99(3): 950 - 956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, W. J. Ellingson, J. D. Lamb, D. G. Chesser, and W. W. Winder Long-chain acyl-CoA esters inhibit phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase at threonine-172 by LKB1/STRAD/MO25 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2005; 288(6): E1055 - E1061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Raney, A. J. Yee, M. K. Todd, and L. P. Turcotte AMPK activation is not critical in the regulation of muscle FA uptake and oxidation during low-intensity muscle contraction Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2005; 288(3): E592 - E598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Pencek, J. Shearer, R. C. Camacho, F. D. James, D. B. Lacy, P. T. Fueger, E. P. Donahue, W. Snead, and D. H. Wasserman 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-Ribofuranoside Causes Acute Hepatic Insulin Resistance In Vivo Diabetes, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 355 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-S. Ju, J. L. Smith, P. J. Oppelt, and J. S. Fisher Creatine feeding increases GLUT4 expression in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2005; 288(2): E347 - E352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Villena, B. Viollet, F. Andreelli, A. Kahn, S. Vaulont, and H. S. Sul Induced Adiposity and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Mice Lacking the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-{alpha}2 Subunit Diabetes, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 2242 - 2249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Pilon, P. Dallaire, and A. Marette Inhibition of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase by Activators of AMP-activated Protein Kinase: A NEW MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INSULIN-SENSITIZING DRUGS J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20767 - 20774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.-K. Kim, I. Miller, S. Aja, L. E. Landree, M. Pinn, J. McFadden, F. P. Kuhajda, T. H. Moran, and G. V. Ronnett C75, a Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor, Reduces Food Intake via Hypothalamic AMP-activated Protein Kinase J. Biol. Chem., May 7, 2004; 279(19): 19970 - 19976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Clark, Z.-P. Chen, K. T. Murphy, R. J. Aughey, M. J. McKenna, B. E. Kemp, and J. A. Hawley Intensified exercise training does not alter AMPK signaling in human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2004; 286(5): E737 - E743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Ceddia and G. Sweeney Creatine supplementation increases glucose oxidation and AMPK phosphorylation and reduces lactate production in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells J. Physiol., March 1, 2004; 555(2): 409 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Nishino, T. Miura, T. Miki, J. Sakamoto, Y. Nakamura, Y. Ikeda, H. Kobayashi, and K. Shimamoto Ischemic preconditioning activates AMPK in a PKC-dependent manner and induces GLUT4 up-regulation in the late phase of cardioprotection Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 610 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yu, N. Fujii, M. F. Hirshman, J. M. Pomerleau, and L. J. Goodyear Cloning and characterization of mouse 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase {gamma}3 subunit Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): C283 - C292. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mahlapuu, C. Johansson, K. Lindgren, G. Hjalm, B. R. Barnes, A. Krook, J. R. Zierath, L. Andersson, and S. Marklund Expression profiling of the {gamma}-subunit isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase suggests a major role for {gamma}3 in white skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2004; 286(2): E194 - E200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Landree, A. L. Hanlon, D. W. Strong, G. Rumbaugh, I. M. Miller, J. N. Thupari, E. C. Connolly, R. L. Huganir, C. Richardson, L. A. Witters, et al. C75, a Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor, Modulates AMP-activated Protein Kinase to Alter Neuronal Energy Metabolism J. Biol. Chem., January 30, 2004; 279(5): 3817 - 3827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Rico-Sanz, T. Rankinen, T. Rice, A. S. Leon, J. S. Skinner, J. H. Wilmore, D. C. Rao, and C. Bouchard Quantitative trait loci for maximal exercise capacity phenotypes and their responses to training in the HERITAGE Family Study Physiol Genomics, January 15, 2004; 16(2): 256 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Suwa, H. Nakano, and S. Kumagai Effects of chronic AICAR treatment on fiber composition, enzyme activity, UCP3, and PGC-1 in rat muscles J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 960 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-P. Chen, T. J. Stephens, S. Murthy, B. J. Canny, M. Hargreaves, L. A. Witters, B. E. Kemp, and G. K. McConell Effect of Exercise Intensity on Skeletal Muscle AMPK Signaling in Humans Diabetes, September 1, 2003; 52(9): 2205 - 2212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. T Putman, M. Kiricsi, J. Pearcey, I. M MacLean, J. A Bamford, G. K Murdoch, W. T Dixon, and D. Pette AMPK activation increases uncoupling protein-3 expression and mitochondrial enzyme activities in rat muscle without fibre type transitions J. Physiol., August 15, 2003; 551(1): 169 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Woods, D. Vertommen, D. Neumann, R. Turk, J. Bayliss, U. Schlattner, T. Wallimann, D. Carling, and M. H. Rider Identification of Phosphorylation Sites in AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) for Upstream AMPK Kinases and Study of Their Roles by Site-directed Mutagenesis J. Biol. Chem., August 1, 2003; 278(31): 28434 - 28442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Guo, T. Lei, T. Wang, B. E. Corkey, and J. Han Octanoate Inhibits Triglyceride Synthesis in 3T3-L1 and Human Adipocytes J. Nutr., August 1, 2003; 133(8): 2512 - 2518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rico-Sanz, T. Rankinen, D. R. Joanisse, A. S. Leon, J. S. Skinner, J. H. Wilmore, D. C. Rao, and C. Bouchard Associations between cardiorespiratory responses to exercise and the C34T AMPD1 gene polymorphism in the HERITAGE Family study Physiol Genomics, July 7, 2003; 14(2): 161 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Watt, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, M. O'Neill, and L. L. Spriet Hormone-sensitive lipase activity and fatty acyl-CoA content in human skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 314 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. K. Gan, A. D. Kriketos, B. A. Ellis, C. H. Thompson, E. W. Kraegen, and D. J. Chisholm Changes in Aerobic Capacity and Visceral Fat but not Myocyte Lipid Levels Predict Increased Insulin Action After Exercise in Overweight and Obese Men Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1706 - 1713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wu, H. Motoshima, K. Mahadev, T. J. Stalker, R. Scalia, and B. J. Goldstein Involvement of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Glucose Uptake Stimulated by the Globular Domain of Adiponectin in Primary Rat Adipocytes Diabetes, June 1, 2003; 52(6): 1355 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Hung, R. S. Roberson, J. Taft, and D. Y. Wu Human BAG-1 Proteins Bind to the Cellular Stress Response Protein GADD34 and Interfere with GADD34 Functions Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2003; 23(10): 3477 - 3486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Koistinen, D. Galuska, A. V. Chibalin, J. Yang, J. R. Zierath, G. D. Holman, and H. Wallberg-Henriksson 5-Amino-Imidazole Carboxamide Riboside Increases Glucose Transport and Cell-Surface GLUT4 Content in Skeletal Muscle From Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, May 1, 2003; 52(5): 1066 - 1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Longnus, R. B. Wambolt, H. L. Parsons, R. W. Brownsey, and M. F. Allard 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta -D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulates myocardial glycogenolysis by allosteric mechanisms Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): R936 - R944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Nakatani, H.-J. Kim, Y. Kaburagi, K. Yasuda, and O. Ezaki A low fish oil inhibits SREBP-1 proteolytic cascade, while a high-fish-oil feeding decreases SREBP-1 mRNA in mice liver: relationship to anti-obesity J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2003; 44(2): 369 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Nielsen, K. J. W. Mustard, D. A. Graham, H. Yu, C. S. MacDonald, H. Pilegaard, L. J. Goodyear, D. G. Hardie, E. A. Richter, and J. F. P. Wojtaszewski 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and subunit expression in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2003; 94(2): 631 - 641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Pilegaard, B. Saltin, and P D. Neufer Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC-1{alpha} gene in human skeletal muscle J. Physiol., February 1, 2003; 546(3): 851 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.J. Iqbal, S. Yaegashi, R. Ahsan, D.A. Lightfoot, and W.J. Banz Differentially abundant mRNAs in rat liver in response to diets containing soy protein isolate Physiol Genomics, December 3, 2002; 11(3): 219 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Park, S. R. Paulsen, S. R. Gammon, K. J. Mustard, D. G. Hardie, and W. W. Winder Effects of thyroid state on AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in muscle J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2002; 93(6): 2081 - 2088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Stoppani, A. L. Hildebrandt, K. Sakamoto, D. Cameron-Smith, L. J. Goodyear, and P. D. Neufer AMP-activated protein kinase activates transcription of the UCP3 and HKII genes in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2002; 283(6): E1239 - E1248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Iglesias, J.-M. Ye, G. Frangioudakis, A. K. Saha, E. Tomas, N. B. Ruderman, G. J. Cooney, and E. W. Kraegen AICAR Administration Causes an Apparent Enhancement of Muscle and Liver Insulin Action in Insulin-Resistant High-Fat-Fed Rats Diabetes, October 1, 2002; 51(10): 2886 - 2894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. R. Barnes, J. W. Ryder, T. L. Steiler, L. G.D. Fryer, D. Carling, and J. R. Zierath Isoform-Specific Regulation of 5' AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Skeletal Muscle From Obese Zucker (fa/fa) Rats in Response to Contraction Diabetes, September 1, 2002; 51(9): 2703 - 2708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. W Booth, M. V Chakravarthy, and E. E Spangenburg Exercise and gene expression: physiological regulation of the human genome through physical activity J. Physiol., September 1, 2002; 543(2): 399 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Zierath Exercise Effects of Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Exercise training-induced changes in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2002; 93(2): 773 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. W. Booth, M. V. Chakravarthy, S. E. Gordon, and E. E. Spangenburg Waging war on physical inactivity: using modern molecular ammunition against an ancient enemy J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 3 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, J. N. Nielsen, and E. A. Richter Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Effect of acute exercise on insulin signaling and action in humans J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Yee and L. P. Turcotte Insulin fails to alter plasma LCFA metabolism in muscle perfused at similar glucose uptake Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2002; 283(1): E73 - E77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Durante, K. J. Mustard, S.-H. Park, W. W. Winder, and D. G. Hardie Effects of endurance training on activity and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase isoforms in rat muscles Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2002; 283(1): E178 - E186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Bolster, S. J. Crozier, S. R. Kimball, and L. S. Jefferson AMP-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Protein Synthesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle through Down-regulated Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling J. Biol. Chem., June 28, 2002; 277(27): 23977 - 23980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Park, S. R. Gammon, J. D. Knippers, S. R. Paulsen, D. S. Rubink, and W. W. Winder Phosphorylation-activity relationships of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2475 - 2482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
