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J Appl Physiol 91: 459-473, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 91, Issue 1, 459-473, July 2001

alpha -Actin: disposition, quantities, and estimated effects on lung recoil and compliance

E. H. Oldmixon1, K. Carlsson2, C. Kuhn III1, J. P. Butler3, and F. G. Hoppin Jr.1

1 Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island 02860; 2 Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044 Sweden; and 3 Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

We have investigated the basis and implications of pneumoconstriction by measuring disposition and quantities of alpha -smooth muscle actin in rat and guinea pig lungs and modeling its effects on lung recoil and compliance. A robust marker of contractility, alpha -smooth muscle actin appears in smooth muscle or myofibroblast-like cells in pleura, airways, blood vessels, and alveolar ductal tissues. In each site, we measured its transected area by immunofluorescent staining and frequency-modulated scanning confocal microscopy. We incorporated these data in a model of the parenchyma consisting of an extensive elastic network with embedded contractile structures. We conclude that contraction at any one of these sites alone can decrease parenchymal compliance by 20-30% during tidal breathing. This is due mostly to the stiffness of activated contractile elements undergoing passive cycling; constant muscle tension would have little effect. The magnitude of the effect corresponds with known responses of the lung to hypocapnia, consistent with a homeostatic function in which gas exchange is defended by redistributing ventilation away from overventilated units.

alveolar duct; intensity-modulated multiple-wavelength scanning confocal microscopy; lung compliance; ventilation-perfusion ratio; hypocapnia


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