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1 Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science and Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608; and 2 Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
The influence of
carbohydrate (1 l/h of a 6% carbohydrate beverage), gender, and age on
pro- and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokine and hormone changes was
studied in 98 runners for 1.5 h after two competitive marathon
races. The marathoner runners were randomly assigned to carbohydrate
(C, n = 48) and placebo (P, n = 50)
groups, with beverages administered during the races in a double-blind
fashion using color codes. Plasma glucose was higher and cortisol was
lower in the C than in the P group after the race (P < 0.001). For all subjects combined, plasma levels of interleukin
(IL)-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, and IL-8 rose
significantly immediately after the race and remained above prerace
levels 1.5 h later. The pattern of change in all cytokines did not
differ significantly between the 12 women and 86 men in the study and
the 23 subjects 
50 yr of age and the 75 subjects <50 yr of age. The
pattern of change in IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but not IL-6, differed
significantly between the C and the P group, with higher postrace
values measured for IL-10 (109% higher) and IL-1ra (212%) in the P
group and for IL-8 (42%) in the C group. In conclusion, plasma levels
of IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-6, and IL-8 rose strongly in runners after a
competitive marathon, and this was not influenced by age or gender.
Carbohydrate ingestion, however, had a major effect in attenuating
increases in cortisol and two anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and
IL-1ra.
running; cortisol; catecholamines; carbohydrate; gender; age
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