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J Appl Physiol 90: 2386-2402, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 90, Issue 6, 2386-2402, June 2001

An automated flinch detecting system for use in the formalin nociceptive bioassay

Tony L. Yaksh1, George Ozaki1, Damon McCumber1, Michael Rathbun1, Camilla Svensson1, Shelle Malkmus1, and Michael C. Yaksh2

1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; and 2 Yaksh Magnetic Solutions, Lilburn, Georgia 30047

The biphasic display of paw-flinch behavior in the rat after injection of formalin into the dorsum of the hind paw is used for the screening of anti-hyperalgesic agents. Described and characterized here is a less labor-intensive system for counting flinch activity by detecting movement of a small metal band placed on the formalin-injected paw. A signal is generated as the band breaks the electromagnetic field of a loop antenna located under the rat and processed through an algorithm that determines flinch activity using 1) amplitude, 2) zero-voltage crossing, and 3) signal duration. Flinches are summed and stored over a selected collection interval throughout the assay for later analysis. Studies have validated the measures with respect to 1) system stability over time; 2) system-to-"practiced observer" correlation on flinch detection, r2 = 0.94; 3) system variables including time of day, sex, age, and body weight; and 4) 50% effective dose values similar to those previously reported for intrathecal morphine and the NMDA antagonist MK-801.

formalin test; spinal sensitization; pain models; flinching behavior


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