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1 Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston 02111; 2 Brockton West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division on Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02132; 3 Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Division on Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02131; 6 Department of Health Sciences, Sargeant College of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, and 4 Department of Cardiology, Boston University, and 5 Gerontology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and 7 School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2141
Chronic heart failure (CHF)
is characterized by a skeletal muscle myopathy not optimally addressed
by current treatment paradigms or aerobic exercise. Sixteen older women
with CHF were compared with 80 age-matched peers without CHF and
randomized to progressive resistance training or control stretching
exercises for 10 wk. Women with CHF had significantly lower muscle
strength (P < 0.0001) but comparable aerobic capacity
to women without CHF. Exercise training was well tolerated and resulted
in no changes in resting cardiac indexes in CHF patients. Strength
improved by an average of 43.4 ± 8.8% in resistance trainers vs.
1.7 ± 2.8% in controls (P = 0.001), muscle
endurance by 299 ± 66% vs. 1 ± 3% (P = 0.001), and 6-min walk distance by 49 ± 14 m (13%) vs.
3 ± 19 m (3%) (P = 0.03). Increases in
type I fiber area (9.5 ± 16%) and citrate synthase activity
(35 ± 21%) in skeletal muscle were independently predictive of
improved 6-min walk distance (r2 = 0.78;
P = 0.0024). High-intensity progressive resistance
training improves impaired skeletal muscle characteristics and overall exercise performance in older women with CHF. These gains are largely
explained by skeletal muscle and not resting cardiac adaptations.
exercise; aging; type I fibers
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