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J Appl Physiol 90: 2166-2171, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 90, Issue 6, 2166-2171, June 2001

Effects of testosterone and exercise on muscle leanness in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting

Wesley P. Fairfield1, Michael Treat2, Daniel I. Rosenthal2, Walter Frontera5, Takara Stanley1, Colleen Corcoran1, Madeline Costello3, Kristin Parlman3, David Schoenfeld4, Anne Klibanski1, and Steven Grinspoon1

1 Neuroendocrine Unit, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Physical Therapy, and 4 General Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Loss of lean body and muscle mass characterizes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) wasting syndrome (AWS). Testosterone and exercise increase muscle mass in men with AWS, with unclear effects on muscle composition. We examined muscle composition in 54 eugonadal men with AWS who were randomized to 1) testosterone (200 mg im weekly) or placebo and simultaneously to 2) resistance training or no training in a 2 × 2 factorial design. At baseline and after 12 wk, we performed assessments of whole body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-slice computed tomography for midthigh cross-sectional area and muscle composition. Leaner muscle has greater attenuation. Baseline muscle attenuation correlated inversely with whole body fat mass (r = -0.52, P = 0.0001). This relationship persisted in a model including age, body mass index, testosterone level, viral load, lean body mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (P = 0.02). Testosterone (P = 0.03) and training (P = 0.03) increased muscle attenuation. These data demonstrate that thigh muscle attenuation by computed tomography varies inversely with whole body fat and increases with testosterone and training. Anabolic therapy in these patients increases muscle leanness.

resistance exercise training; muscle attenuation; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome


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