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John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
The hypothesis that baroreceptor unloading
during dynamic limits cutaneous vasodilation by withdrawal of active
vasodilator activity was tested in seven human subjects. Increases in
forearm skin blood flow (laser-Doppler velocimetry) at skin sites with (control) and without 
-adrenergic vasoconstrictor activity
(vasodilator only) and in arterial blood pressure (noninvasive) were
measured and used to calculate cutaneous vascular conductance
(CVC). Subjects performed two similar dynamic exercise
(119 ± 8 W) protocols with and without baroreceptor unloading
induced by application of 
40 mmHg lower body negative pressure
(LBNP). The LBNP condition was reversed (i.e., either removed
or applied) after 15 min while exercise continued for an additional 15 min. During exercise without LBNP, the increase in body core
temperature (esophageal temperature) required to elicit active
cutaneous vasodilation averaged 0.25 ± 0.08 and 0.31 ± 0.10°C (SE) at control and vasodilator-only skin sites, respectively,
and increased to 0.44 ± 0.10 and 0.50 ± 0.10°C
(P < 0.05 compared with without LBNP) during exercise with LBNP. During exercise baroreceptor unloading delayed the onset of
cutaneous vasodilation and limited peak CVC at vasodilator-only skin
sites. These data support the hypothesis that during exercise baroreceptor unloading modulates active cutaneous vasodilation.
skin circulation; sweating; blood pressure
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