| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001
Central chemoreceptors are widespread within the brain stem. We hypothesize that function at different sites varies with arousal state. In unanesthetized rats, we produced focal acidification at single sites by means of microdialysis using artificial cerebrospinal fluid equilibrated with 25% CO2. Tissue acidosis, measured under anesthesia, is equivalent to that observed with 63 Torr end-tidal PCO2 and is limited to 600 µm. Focal acidification of the retrotrapezoid nucleus increased ventilation by 24% only in wakefulness via an increase in tidal volume (Li A, Randall M, and Nattie E. J Appl Physiol 87: 910-919, 1999). In this study of the medullary raphe, the effect of such focal acidification was in sleep (defined by electroencephalographic and electromyographic criteria): ventilation and frequency increased by 15-20% in non-rapid eye movement sleep, and frequency increased by 15% in rapid eye movement sleep. There was no effect in wakefulness. Chemoreception in the medullary raphe appears to be responsive in sleep. Central chemoreceptors at two different locations appear to vary in effectiveness with arousal state.
central chemoreception; arousal; carbon dioxide response; medulla; control of breathing
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. C. Nuding, L. S. Segers, R. Shannon, R. O'Connor, K. F. Morris, and B. G. Lindsey Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in simultaneously recorded neurons of the raphe-pontomedullary respiratory network Phil Trans R Soc B, September 12, 2009; 364(1529): 2501 - 2516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Erlichman, A. C. Boyer, P. Reagan, R. W. Putnam, N. A. Ritucci, and J. C. Leiter Chemosensory Responses to CO2 in Multiple Brain Stem Nuclei Determined Using a Voltage-Sensitive Dye in Brain Slices From Rats J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2009; 102(3): 1577 - 1590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Cummings, K. G. Commons, K. C. Fan, A. Li, and E. E. Nattie Severe spontaneous bradycardia associated with respiratory disruptions in rat pups with fewer brain stem 5-HT neurons Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): R1783 - R1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. G. S. Branco, T. S. Moreira, P. G. Guyenet, P. M. Lalley, A. Kawai, R. W. Putnam, N. L. Chamberlin, C. B. Saper, A. V. Gourine, M. Kanamaru, et al. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Central chemoreception is a complex system function that involves multiple brain stem sites J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2009; 106(4): 1467 - 1470. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Dias, A. Li, and E. Nattie Focal CO2 dialysis in raphe obscurus does not stimulate ventilation but enhances the response to focal CO2 dialysis in the retrotrapezoid nucleus J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2008; 105(1): 83 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. McKay and J. L. Feldman Unilateral Ablation of Pre-Botzinger Complex Disrupts Breathing during Sleep but Not Wakefulness Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2008; 178(1): 89 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. T. S. Pattinson Opioids and the control of respiration Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2008; 100(6): 747 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Li and E. Nattie Serotonin transporter knockout mice have a reduced ventilatory response to hypercapnia (predominantly in males) but not to hypoxia J. Physiol., May 1, 2008; 586(9): 2321 - 2329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Dias, T. B. Nucci, L. O. Margatho, J. Antunes-Rodrigues, L. H. Gargaglioni, and L. G. S. Branco Raphe magnus nucleus is involved in ventilatory but not hypothermic response to CO2 J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1780 - 1788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Mason, K. Gao, and J. R. Genzen Serotonergic Raphe Magnus Cell Discharge Reflects Ongoing Autonomic and Respiratory Activities J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2007; 98(4): 1919 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Duvareille, M. Lafrance, N. Samson, M. St-Hilaire, P. Pladys, P. Micheau, V. Bournival, C. Langlois, and J.-P. Praud Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on nonnutritive swallowing in newborn lambs J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2007; 103(4): 1180 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sood, X. Liu, H. Liu, and R. L. Horner Genioglossus muscle activity and serotonergic modulation of hypoglossal motor output in obese Zucker rats J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2007; 102(6): 2240 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Nattie and A. Li Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the ventral medulla are essential for normal central and peripheral chemoreception in the conscious rat J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2006; 101(6): 1596 - 1606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Li, S. Zhou, and E. Nattie Simultaneous inhibition of caudal medullary raphe and retrotrapezoid nucleus decreases breathing and the CO2 response in conscious rats J. Physiol., November 15, 2006; 577(1): 307 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Penatti, A. V. Berniker, B. Kereshi, C. Cafaro, M. L. Kelly, M. M. Niblock, H. G. Gao, H. C. Kinney, A. Li, and E. E. Nattie Ventilatory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia after extensive lesion of medullary serotonergic neurons in newborn conscious piglets J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2006; 101(4): 1177 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Martino, M. R. Hodges, S. Davis, C. Opansky, L. G. Pan, K. Krause, B. Qian, and H. V. Forster CO2/H+ chemoreceptors in the cerebellar fastigial nucleus do not uniformly affect breathing of awake goats J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2006; 101(1): 241 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sood, E. Raddatz, X. Liu, H. Liu, and R. L. Horner Inhibition of serotonergic medullary raphe obscurus neurons suppresses genioglossus and diaphragm activities in anesthetized but not conscious rats J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 1807 - 1821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Durand, S. Dauger, A. Pattyn, C. Gaultier, C. Goridis, and J. Gallego Sleep-disordered Breathing in Newborn Mice Heterozygous for the Transcription Factor Phox2b Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2005; 172(2): 238 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C Taylor, A. Li, and E. E Nattie Medullary serotonergic neurones modulate the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, but not hypoxia in conscious rats J. Physiol., July 15, 2005; 566(2): 543 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. B. Richerson Re: Retrotrapezoid nucleus: a litmus test for the identification of central chemoreceptors Exp Physiol, May 1, 2005; 90(3): 253 - 257. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. Guyenet, R. L. Stornetta, D. A. Bayliss, and D. K. Mulkey Retrotrapezoid nucleus: a litmus test for the identification of central chemoreceptors Exp Physiol, May 1, 2005; 90(3): 247 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Hodges, C. Opansky, B. Qian, S. Davis, J. M. Bonis, K. Krause, L. G. Pan, and H. V. Forster Carotid body denervation alters ventilatory responses to ibotenic acid injections or focal acidosis in the medullary raphe J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1234 - 1242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Hodges, C. Opansky, B. Qian, S. Davis, J. Bonis, J. Bastasic, T. Leekley, L. G. Pan, and H. V. Forster Transient attenuation of CO2 sensitivity after neurotoxic lesions in the medullary raphe area of awake goats J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2004; 97(6): 2236 - 2247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Hodges, P. Martino, S. Davis, C. Opansky, L. G. Pan, and H. V. Forster Effects on breathing of focal acidosis at multiple medullary raphe sites in awake goats J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2004; 97(6): 2303 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Putnam, J. A. Filosa, and N. A. Ritucci Cellular mechanisms involved in CO2 and acid signaling in chemosensitive neurons Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): C1493 - C1526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hewitt, R. Barrie, M. Graham, K. Bogus, J. C. Leiter, and J. S. Erlichman Ventilatory effects of gap junction blockade in the RTN in awake rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): R1407 - R1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Taylor, A. Li, A. Green, H. C. Kinney, and E. E. Nattie Chronic fluoxetine microdialysis into the medullary raphe nuclei of the rat, but not systemic administration, increases the ventilatory response to CO2 J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2004; 97(5): 1763 - 1773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Hodges, L. Klum, T. Leekley, D. T. Brozoski, J. Bastasic, S. Davis, J. M. Wenninger, T. R. Feroah, L. G. Pan, and H. V. Forster Effects on breathing in awake and sleeping goats of focal acidosis in the medullary raphe J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2004; 96(5): 1815 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Messier, A. Li, and E. E. Nattie Inhibition of medullary raphe serotonergic neurons has age-dependent effects on the CO2 response in newborn piglets J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2004; 96(5): 1909 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Nattie, A. Li, G. Richerson, and D. A. Lappi Medullary serotonergic neurones and adjacent neurones that express neurokinin-1 receptors are both involved in chemoreception in vivo J. Physiol., April 1, 2004; 556(1): 235 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Nakayama, C. A. Smith, J. R. Rodman, J. B. Skatrud, and J. A. Dempsey Carotid body denervation eliminates apnea in response to transient hypocapnia J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2003; 94(1): 155 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E Nattie and A. Li Substance P-saporin lesion of neurons with NK1 receptors in one chemoreceptor site in rats decreases ventilation and chemosensitivity J. Physiol., October 15, 2002; 544(2): 603 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Okada, Z. Chen, W. Jiang, S.-I. Kuwana, and F. L. Eldridge Anatomical arrangement of hypercapnia-activated cells in the superficial ventral medulla of rats J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2002; 93(2): 427 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Nattie and A. Li CO2 dialysis in nucleus tractus solitarius region of rat increases ventilation in sleep and wakefulness J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2002; 92(5): 2119 - 2130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
