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1 Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Maryland, College Park 20742; 3 National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore 21224; 4 Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; and 2 Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
The relationship
between ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genotype and muscle strength
was examined in 494 healthy men and women across the entire adult age
span (20-90 yr). Concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) peak torque
were assessed using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer for the knee
extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF) at slow (0.52 rad/s) and faster
(3.14 rad/s) velocities. The results were covaried for age, gender, and
body mass or fat-free mass (FFM). Individuals heterozygous for the CNTF
null (A allele) mutation (G/A) exhibited significantly higher Con peak
torque of the KE and KF at 3.14 rad/s than G/G homozygotes when age, gender, and body mass were covaried (P < 0.05). When
the dominant leg FFM (estimated muscle mass) was used in place of body
mass as a covariate, Con peak torque of the KE at 3.14 rad/s was also significantly greater in the G/A individuals (P < 0.05). In addition, muscle quality of the KE (peak torque at 3.14 rad · s
1 · leg muscle
mass1) was significantly greater in the G/A heterozygotes
(P < 0.05). Similar results were seen in a subanalysis
of subjects 60 yr and older, as well as in Caucasian subjects. In
contrast, A/A homozygotes demonstrated significantly lower Ecc peak
torque at 0.52 rad/s for both KE and KF compared with G/G and G/A
groups (P < 0.05). No significant relationships were
observed at 0.52 rad/s between genotype and Con peak torque. These data
indicate that individuals exhibiting the G/A genotype possess
significantly greater muscular strength and muscle quality at
relatively fast contraction speeds than do G/G individuals. Because of
high positive correlations between fast-velocity peak torque and
muscular power, these findings suggest that further investigations
should address the relationship between CNTF genotype and muscular power.
ciliary neurotrophic factor; aging; concentric strength; eccentric strength; muscle power; muscle quality
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