Although the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR) is active within tidal breathing range in the neonatal period, there is no information regarding whether a critical volume has to be exceeded before any effect can be observed. To explore this, effects of multiple airway occlusions on inspiratory and expiratory timing were measured throughout tidal breathing range using a face mask and shutter system. In 20 of the 22 healthy infants studied, there was significant shortening of inspiration because the volume at which occlusion occurred rose from functional residual capacity (FRC) to end-inspiratory volume [14.9% reduction in inspiratory time (per ml/kg increase in lung volume at occlusion)]. All infants showed a significant increase in expiratory time [17.1% increase (per ml/kg increase in lung volume at occlusion)]. Polynomial regression analyses revealed a progressive increase in strength of HBIR from FRC to ~4 ml/kg above FRC. Eighteen infants showed no further shortening of inspiratory time and 10 infants no further lengthening of expiratory time with increasing occlusion volumes, indicating maximal stimulation of the reflex had been achieved. There was a significant relationship between strength of HBIR and respiratory rate, suggesting that HBIR modifies the breathing pattern in the neonatal period.