Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 90: 1074-1082, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 90, Issue 3, 1074-1082, March 2001

Impact of age on breathing and resistive pressure in people with and without sleep apnea

Helen A. K. Browne1, Lewis Adams1, Anita K. Simonds2, and Mary J. Morrell1,2

1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W6 8PR; and 2 Royal Brompton Hospital, Sleep and Ventilation Unit, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom

We investigated the effect of age on breathing and total pulmonary resistance (RL) during sleep by studying elderly (>65 yr) and young (25-38 yr) people without sleep apnea (EN and YN, respectively) matched for body mass index (BMI). To determine the impact of sleep apnea on age-related changes in breathing, we studied elderly and young apneic patients (EA and YA, respectively) matched for apnea and BMI. In all groups (n = 11), breathing during periods of stable sleep was analyzed to evaluate the intrinsic variability of respiratory control mechanisms. In the absence of sleep apnea, the variability of the breathing was similar in the elderly and young [mean (± SD) coefficient of variation (CV) of tidal volume (VT); wake: EN 21.0 ± 14.9%, YN 14.7 ± 5.5%; sleep: EN 14.0 ± 6.0%; YN 11.5 ± 6.4%]. In patients with sleep apnea, breathing during stable sleep was more irregular, but there were no age-related differences (CV of VT; wake: EA 22.0 ± 11.6%, YA 16.7 ± 11.3%; sleep: EA 32.8 ± 24.9%, YA 25.2 ± 16.3%). In addition, EN tended to have a higher RL (n = 6, RL midinspiration, wake: EN 7.1 ± 3.0; YN 9.1 ± 6.4 cmH2O · l-1 · s, sleep: EN 17.5 ± 11.7; YN 9.8 ± 2.0 cmH2O · l-1 · s). We conclude that aging per se does not contribute to the intrinsic variability of respiratory control mechanisms, although there may be a lower probability of finding elderly people without respiratory instability.

sleep; elderly; control of breathing


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