Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 90: 90-98, 2001;
8750-7587/01 $5.00
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Vol. 90, Issue 1, 90-98, January 2001

Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Jeffrey D. Hasday1,3,4,5, Douglas Bannerman2, Sirhan Sakarya2, Alan S. Cross2, Ishwar S. Singh1, Deborah Howard4, Beth-Ellen Drysdale4, and Simeon E. Goldblum2,3,4

1 Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and 2 Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, the 3 Medical and 4 Research Services of the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the 5 University of Maryland at Baltimore Cytokine Core Laboratory, Baltimore, Maryland 21201

Fever is an important regulator of inflammation that modifies expression and bioactivity of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha . Pulmonary vascular endothelium is an important target of TNF-alpha during the systemic inflammatory response. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a febrile range temperature (39.5°C) on TNF-alpha -stimulated changes in endothelial barrier function, capacity for neutrophil binding and transendothelial migration (TEM), and cytokine secretion in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (EC). Permeability for [14C]BSA tracer was increased by treatment with TNF-alpha , and this effect was augmented by incubating EC at 39.5°C. Treating EC with 2.5 U/ml TNF-alpha stimulated an increase in subsequent neutrophil adherence and TEM. Incubating EC at 39.5°C caused a 30% increase in TEM but did not modify the enhancement of neutrophil adherence or TEM by TNF-alpha treatment. Analysis of cytokine expression in EC cultures exposed to TNF-alpha at either 37° or 39.5°C revealed three patterns of temperature and TNF-alpha responsiveness. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-8 were not detectable in untreated EC but were increased after TNF-alpha exposure, and this increase was enhanced at 39.5°C. IL-6 expression was also increased with TNF-alpha exposure, but IL-6 expression was lower in 39.5°C EC cultures. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 was constitutively expressed, and its expression was not influenced either by TNF-alpha or exposure to 39.5°C. These data demonstrate that clinically relevant shifts in body temperature might cause important changes in the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the endothelium.

endothelial cell; paracellular pathway; fever; neutrophils


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