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in the brain of
rats during chronic hypoxia
Departments of 1 Anatomy and 2 Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a
transcription factor that regulates adaptive responses to the lack of
oxygen in mammalian cells. HIF-1 consists of two proteins, HIF-1
and
HIF-1
. HIF-1
accumulates under hypoxic conditions, whereas
HIF-1
is constitutively expressed. HIF-1
and HIF-1
expression
were measured during adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia (0.5 atm) in rat
cerebral cortex. Western blot analyses indicated that HIF-1
rapidly
accumulated during the onset of hypoxia and did not fall for 14 days
but fell to normal by 21 days despite the continuous low arterial
oxygen tension. Immunostaining showed that neurons, astrocytes,
ependymal cells, and possibly endothelial cells were the cell types
expressing HIF-1
. Genes with hypoxia-responsive elements were
activated under these conditions, as evidenced by elevated vascular
endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter-1 mRNA levels. When
21-day-adapted rats were exposed to a more severe hypoxic challenge
(8% oxygen), HIF-1
accumulated again. On the basis of these
results, we speculate that the vascular remodeling and metabolic
changes triggered during prolonged hypoxia are capable of restoring
normal tissue oxygen levels.
brain hypoxic adaptation; hypoxia-inducible genes; brain capillary angiogenesis; brain tissue oxygen; vascular endothelial growth factor
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