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1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 3J5; 2 Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and 3 Unitat Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
We investigated the rheological properties of
living human airway smooth muscle cells in culture and monitored the
changes in rheological properties induced by exogenous stimuli. We
oscillated small magnetic microbeads bound specifically to integrin
receptors and computed the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G")
from the applied torque and the resulting rotational motion of the beads as determined from their remanent magnetic field. Under baseline
conditions, G' increased weakly with frequency, whereas G" was
independent of the frequency. The cell was predominantly elastic, with
the ratio of G" to G' (defined as 
) being ~0.35 at all
frequencies. G' and G" increased together after contractile activation
and decreased together after deactivation, whereas remained
unaltered in each case. Thus elastic and dissipative stresses were
coupled during changes in contractile activation. G' and G" decreased
with disruption of the actin fibers by cytochalasin D, but increased. These results imply that the mechanisms for frictional
energy loss and elastic energy storage in the living cell are coupled
and reside within the cytoskeleton.
cytoskeleton; storage modulus; viscoelasticity; contraction; structural damping; magnetic twisting cytometry
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