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J Appl Physiol 89: 1569-1576, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 89, Issue 4, 1569-1576, October 2000

Electrical admittance for filling of the heart during lower body negative pressure in humans

Yan Cai1, Søren Holm2, Morten Jenstrup1, Morten Strømstad3, Annika Eigtved2, Jørgen Warberg4, Liselotte Højgaard2, Lars Friberg2, and Niels H. Secher1,3

1 Department of Anesthesia, 2 Nuclear Medicine PET and Cyclotron Unit, and 3 Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen; and 4 Department of Medical Physiology C, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark

To evaluate whether electrical admittance of intracellular water is applicable for monitoring filling of the heart, we determined the difference in intracellular water in the thorax (ThoraxICW), measured as the reciprocal value of the electrical impedance for the thorax at 1.5 and 100 kHz during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in humans. Changes in ThoraxICW were compared with positron emission tomography-determined C15O-labeled erythrocytes over the heart. During -40 mmHg LBNP, the blood volume of the heart decreased by 21 ± 3% as the erythrocyte volume was reduced by 20 ± 2% and the plasma volume declined by 26 ± 2% (P < 0.01; n = 8). Over the heart region, LBNP was also associated with a decrease in the technetium-labeled erythrocyte activity by 26 ± 4% and, conversely, an increase over the lower leg by 92 ± 5% (P < 0.01; n = 6). For 15 subjects, LBNP increased thoracic impedance by 3.3 ± 0.3 Omega  (1.5 kHz) and 3.0 ± 0.4 Omega  (100 kHz), whereas leg impedance decreased by 9.0 ± 3.3 Omega  (1.5 kHz) and 6.1 ± 3 Omega  (100 kHz; P < 0.01). ThoraxICW was reduced by 7.1 ± 1.9 S · 10-4 (P < 0.01) and intracellular water in the leg tended to increase (from 37.8 ± 4.6 to 40.9 ± 5.0 S · 10-4; P = 0.08). The correlation between ThoraxICW and heart erythrocyte volume was 0.84 (P < 0.05). The results suggest that thoracic electrical admittance of intracellular water can be applied to evaluate changes in blood volume of the heart during LBNP in humans.

cardiac output; electrical impedance; heart rate; positron emission tomography; technetium-labeled erythrocytes


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