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J Appl Physiol 89: 1266-1274, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 89, Issue 4, 1266-1274, October 2000

Increased spinal monoamine concentrations after chronic thoracic dorsal rhizotomy in goats

Gordon S. Mitchell1, Karen B. Bach1, Patricia A. Martin1, Kevin T. Foley2, E. B. Olson3, Mark S. Brownfield1, Vjeko Miletic1, Mary Behan1, Sheila McGuirk4, and Harry E. Sloan1

Departments of 1 Comparative Biosciences and 4 Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; 3 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163

In goats, bilateral thoracic dorsal rhizotomy (TDR) causes severe ventilatory failure during exercise, followed by progressive functional recovery. We investigated spinal neurochemical changes associated with TDR and/or functional recovery by measuring spinal concentrations of the monoamines serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, and dopamine via HPLC. Changes in 5-HT and calcitonin gene-related peptide were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Goat spinal cords were compared 4-15 mo after TDR from T2 to T12 (n = 7) with sham-operated (n = 4) or unoperated controls (n = 4). TDR increased the concentration of cervical 5-HT (C5-C6; 122% change), caudal thoracic norepinephrine (T7-T11; 53% change), and rostral thoracic dopamine (T3-T6; 234% change). TDR increased 5-HT-immunoreactive terminal density (dorsal and ventral horns) and nearly eliminated calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in rostral thoracic segments; both effects became less pronounced in caudal thoracic segments. Thus TDR elevates monoamine concentrations in discrete spinal regions, including possible compensatory changes in descending serotonergic inputs to spinal segments not directly affected by TDR (i.e., cervical) but associated with functionally related motor nuclei (i.e., phrenic nucleus).

serotonin; dopamine; norepinephrine; calcitonin gene-related peptide; spinal cord; respiratory control


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