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-Adrenergic agonist therapy accelerates the resolution of
hydrostatic pulmonary edema in sheep and rats
Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0130
To determine
whether
-adrenergic agonist therapy increases alveolar liquid
clearance during the resolution phase of hydrostatic pulmonary edema,
we studied alveolar and lung liquid clearance in two animal models of
hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Hydrostatic pulmonary edema was induced in
sheep by acutely elevating left atrial pressure to 25 cmH2O
and instilling 6 ml/kg body wt isotonic 5% albumin (prepared from
bovine albumin) in normal saline into the distal air spaces of each
lung. After 1 h, sheep were treated with a nebulized
-agonist
(salmeterol) or nebulized saline (controls), and left atrial pressure
was then returned to normal.
-Agonist therapy resulted in a 60%
increase in alveolar liquid clearance over 3 h (P < 0.001). Because the rate of alveolar fluid clearance in rats is
closer to human rates, we studied
-agonist therapy in rats, with
hydrostatic pulmonary edema induced by volume overload (40% body wt
infusion of Ringer lactate).
-Agonist therapy resulted in a
significant decrease in excess lung water (P < 0.01)
and significant improvement in arterial blood gases by 2 h
(P < 0.03). These preclinical experimental studies
support the need for controlled clinical trials to determine whether
-adrenergic agonist therapy would be of value in accelerating the
resolution of hydrostatic pulmonary edema in patients.
hydrostatic edema; congestive heart failure; respiratory failure
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