Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 89: 465-471, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 89, Issue 2, 465-471, August 2000

Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis

Ian Janssen1, Steven B. Heymsfield2, Richard N. Baumgartner3, and Robert Ross1

1 School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; 2 Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025; and 3 Clinical Nutrition Program, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131

The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-validate predictive equations for estimating skeletal muscle (SM) mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Whole body SM mass, determined by magnetic resonance imaging, was compared with BIA measurements in a multiethnic sample of 388 men and women, aged 18-86 yr, at two different laboratories. Within each laboratory, equations for predicting SM mass from BIA measurements were derived using the data of the Caucasian subjects. These equations were then applied to the Caucasian subjects from the other laboratory to cross-validate the BIA method. Because the equations cross-validated (i.e., were not different), the data from both laboratories were pooled to generate the final regression equation
SM mass (kg) = [(Ht<SUP>2</SUP>&cjs0823;  <IT>R</IT> × 0.401) + (gender × 3.825)

+ (age × −0.071)] + 5.102
where Ht is height in centimeters; R is BIA resistance in ohms; for gender, men = 1 and women = 0; and age is in years. The r2 and SE of estimate of the regression equation were 0.86 and 2.7 kg (9%), respectively. The Caucasian-derived equation was applicable to Hispanics and African-Americans, but it underestimated SM mass in Asians. These results suggest that the BIA equation provides valid estimates of SM mass in healthy adults varying in age and adiposity.

body composition; prediction equation


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