| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; and 2 Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
We employed a whole body magnetic resonance imaging protocol to examine the influence of age, gender, body weight, and height on skeletal muscle (SM) mass and distribution in a large and heterogeneous sample of 468 men and women. Men had significantly (P < 0.001) more SM in comparison to women in both absolute terms (33.0 vs. 21.0 kg) and relative to body mass (38.4 vs. 30.6%). The gender differences were greater in the upper (40%) than lower (33%) body (P < 0.01). We observed a reduction in relative SM mass starting in the third decade; however, a noticeable decrease in absolute SM mass was not observed until the end of the fifth decade. This decrease was primarily attributed to a decrease in lower body SM. Weight and height explained ~50% of the variance in SM mass in men and women. Although a linear relationship existed between SM and height, the relationship between SM and body weight was curvilinear because the contribution of SM to weight gain decreased with increasing body weight. These findings indicate that men have more SM than women and that these gender differences are greater in the upper body. Independent of gender, aging is associated with a decrease in SM mass that is explained, in large measure, by a decrease in lower body SM occurring after the fifth decade.
magnetic resonance imaging; aging; human skeletal muscle
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. E. Berryman, E. O. List, A. J. Palmer, M.-Y. Chung, J. Wright-Piekarski, E. Lubbers, P. O'Connor, S. Okada, and J. J. Kopchick Two-Year Body Composition Analyses of Long-Lived GHR Null Mice J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, November 9, 2009; (2009) glp175v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. B. Williams, H. Tan, J. R. Usherwood, and A. M. Wilson Pitch then power: limitations to acceleration in quadrupeds Biol Lett, October 23, 2009; 5(5): 610 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. I. Smith, P. Atherton, D. N. Reeds, B. S. Mohammed, H. Jaffery, D. Rankin, M. J. Rennie, and B. Mittendorfer No major sex differences in muscle protein synthesis rates in the postabsorptive state and during hyperinsulinemia-hyperaminoacidemia in middle-aged adults J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2009; 107(4): 1308 - 1315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Fanciulli, A. Delitala, and G. Delitala Growth hormone, menopause and ageing: no definite evidence for 'rejuvenation' with growth hormone Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2009; 15(3): 341 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Baier, D. Johannsen, N. Abumrad, J. A. Rathmacher, S. Nissen, and P. Flakoll Year-long Changes in Protein Metabolism in Elderly Men and Women Supplemented With a Nutrition Cocktail of {beta}-Hydroxy-{beta}-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-Arginine, and L-Lysine JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, January 1, 2009; 33(1): 71 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Nass, S. S. Pezzoli, M. C. Oliveri, J. T. Patrie, F. E. Harrell Jr., J. L. Clasey, S. B. Heymsfield, M. A. Bach, M. L. Vance, and M. O. Thorner Effects of an Oral Ghrelin Mimetic on Body Composition and Clinical Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Trial Ann Intern Med, November 4, 2008; 149(9): 601 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Holm, J. L. Olesen, K. Matsumoto, T. Doi, M. Mizuno, T. J. Alsted, A. L. Mackey, P. Schwarz, and M. Kjaer Protein-containing nutrient supplementation following strength training enhances the effect on muscle mass, strength, and bone formation in postmenopausal women J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2008; 105(1): 274 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Allan, B. J. G. Strauss, H. G. Burger, E. A. Forbes, and R. I. McLachlan Testosterone Therapy Prevents Gain in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Loss of Skeletal Muscle in Nonobese Aging Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2008; 93(1): 139 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L Puthoff and D. H Nielsen Relationships Among Impairments in Lower-Extremity Strength and Power, Functional Limitations, and Disability in Older Adults Physical Therapy, October 1, 2007; 87(10): 1334 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Galban, S. Maderwald, F. Stock, and M. E. Ladd Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle as Detected by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2007; 62(4): 453 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lindenberger and T. Lanne Sex-related effects on venous compliance and capillary filtration in the lower limb Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): R852 - R859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Rader and J. A. Faulkner Effect of aging on the recovery following contraction-induced injury in muscles of female mice J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2006; 101(3): 887 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Koranyi, I. Bosaeus, M. Alpsten, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson Body composition during GH replacement in adults - methodological variations with respect to gender. Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 154(4): 545 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Giannoulis, P. H. Sonksen, M. Umpleby, L. Breen, C. Pentecost, M. Whyte, C. V. McMillan, C. Bradley, and F. C. Martin The Effects of Growth Hormone and/or Testosterone in Healthy Elderly Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2006; 91(2): 477 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Rader and J. A. Faulkner Recovery from contraction-induced injury is impaired in weight-bearing muscles of old male mice J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2006; 100(2): 656 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. F. Miller, M. Hansen, J. L. Olesen, A. Flyvbjerg, P. Schwarz, J. A. Babraj, K. Smith, M. J. Rennie, and M. Kjaer No effect of menstrual cycle on myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis in contracting skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2006; 290(1): E163 - E168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Hakkinen, H Kautiainen, P Hannonen, J Ylinen, H Makinen, and T Sokka Muscle strength, pain, and disease activity explain individual subdimensions of the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, especially in women with rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis, January 1, 2006; 65(1): 30 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Ridout, B. A. Parker, and D. N. Proctor Age and regional specificity of peak limb vascular conductance in women J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2067 - 2074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. R. Short, J. L. Vittone, M. L. Bigelow, D. N. Proctor, J. M. Coenen-Schimke, P. Rys, and K. S. Nair Changes in myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein expression in human skeletal muscle with age and endurance exercise training J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 95 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Candow and P. D. Chilibeck Differences in Size, Strength, and Power of Upper and Lower Body Muscle Groups in Young and Older Men J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2005; 60(2): 148 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Proctor, K. U. Le, and S. J. Ridout Age and regional specificity of peak limb vascular conductance in men J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 193 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Jung Lee, I. Janssen, S. B Heymsfield, and R. Ross Relation between whole-body and regional measures of human skeletal muscle Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1215 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. Schroeder, L. Zheng, M. D. Ong, C. Martinez, C. Flores, Y. Stewart, C. Azen, and F. R. Sattler Effects of Androgen Therapy on Adipose Tissue and Metabolism in Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 4863 - 4872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-C. Leung, G. Johannsson, G. M. Leong, and K. K. Y. Ho Estrogen Regulation of Growth Hormone Action Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2004; 25(5): 693 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Masi, E. M. Rickett, L. C. Hawkley, and J. T. Cacioppo Gender and ethnic differences in urinary stress hormones: the population-based Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2004; 97(3): 941 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Barry and R. G. Carson The Consequences of Resistance Training for Movement Control in Older Adults J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2004; 59(7): M730 - M754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-Y. Song, E. Ruts, J. Kim, I. Janumala, S. Heymsfield, and D. Gallagher Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infiltration of muscle in elderly African American women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 874 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. McCloy, M. A. Ryan, P. B. Pencharz, R. J. Ross, and S. C. Cunnane A comparison of the metabolism of eighteen-carbon 13C-unsaturated fatty acids in healthy women J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2004; 45(3): 474 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Janssen, R. N. Baumgartner, R. Ross, I. H. Rosenberg, and R. Roubenoff Skeletal Muscle Cutpoints Associated with Elevated Physical Disability Risk in Older Men and Women Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2004; 159(4): 413 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Narici, C. N. Maganaris, N. D. Reeves, and P. Capodaglio Effect of aging on human muscle architecture J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2229 - 2234. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Abe, K Kojima, C F Kearns, H Yohena, and J Fukuda Whole body muscle hypertrophy from resistance training: distribution and total mass Br. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2003; 37(6): 543 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lauretani, C. R. Russo, S. Bandinelli, B. Bartali, C. Cavazzini, A. Di Iorio, A. M. Corsi, T. Rantanen, J. M. Guralnik, and L. Ferrucci Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2003; 95(5): 1851 - 1860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. C. Hawkes, F. Z. Alkan, and L. Oehler Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Selenium from Beef and Rice in Healthy North American Men J. Nutr., November 1, 2003; 133(11): 3434 - 3442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Doherty Invited Review: Aging and sarcopenia J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1717 - 1727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Abe, C F Kearns, and T Fukunaga Sex differences in whole body skeletal muscle mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging and its distribution in young Japanese adults Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2003; 37(5): 436 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. Schroeder, M. Terk, and F. R. Sattler Androgen therapy improves muscle mass and strength but not muscle quality: results from two studies Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2003; 285(1): E16 - E24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Kenny, L. Dawson, A. Kleppinger, M. Iannuzzi-Sucich, and J. O. Judge Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Nonobese Women Who Are Long-Term Users of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2003; 58(5): M436 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Proctor, S. C. Newcomer, D. W. Koch, K. U. Le, D. A. MacLean, and U. A. Leuenberger Leg blood flow during submaximal cycle ergometry is not reduced in healthy older normally active men J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 1859 - 1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Iannuzzi-Sucich, K. M. Prestwood, and A. M. Kenny Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy, Older Men and Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2002; 57(12): M772 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kim, Z. Wang, S. B Heymsfield, R. N Baumgartner, and D. Gallagher Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 378 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Opalka, F.-N. Gellerich, and S. Zierz Age and Sex Dependency of Carnitine Concentration in Human Serum and Skeletal Muscle Clin. Chem., December 1, 2001; 47(12): 2150 - 2153. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. A. Hughes, W. R. Frontera, M. Wood, W. J. Evans, G. E. Dallal, R. Roubenoff, and M. A. F. Singh Longitudinal Muscle Strength Changes in Older Adults: Influence of Muscle Mass, Physical Activity, and Health J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2001; 56(5): 209B - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Nindl, C. R. Scoville, K. M. Sheehan, C. D. Leone, and R. P. Mello Gender differences in regional body composition and somatotrophic influences of IGF-I and leptin J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2002; 92(4): 1611 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Salinari, A. Bertuzzi, G. Mingrone, E. Capristo, A. Pietrobelli, P. Campioni, A. V. Greco, and S. B. Heymsfield New bioimpedance model accurately predicts lower limb muscle volume: validation by magnetic resonance imaging Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2002; 282(4): E960 - E966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
