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J Appl Physiol 89: 29-37, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 89, Issue 1, 29-37, July 2000

Operation Everest III: role of plasma volume expansion on VO2max during prolonged high-altitude exposure

Paul Robach1,2, Michèle Déchaux3, Sébastien Jarrot2, Jenny Vaysse4, Jean-Christophe Schneider2, Nicholas P. Mason2, Jean-Pierre Herry1,2, Bernard Gardette5, and Jean-Paul Richalet2

1 Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'alpinisme, 74401 Chamonix; 2 Association pour la Recherche en Physiologie de l'Environnement, 93017 Bobigny; 3 Laboratoire de Physiologie, hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris; 4 Laboratoire de Biochimie, hôpital Jean Verdier, 93140 Bondy; and 5 COMEX S.A., 13275 Marseille, France

We hypothesize that plasma volume decrease (Delta PV) induced by high-altitude (HA) exposure and intense exercise is involved in the limitation of maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) at HA. Eight male subjects were decompressed for 31 days in a hypobaric chamber to the barometric equivalent of Mt. Everest (8,848 m). Maximal exercise was performed with and without plasma volume expansion (PVX, 219-292 ml) during exercise, at sea level (SL), at HA (370 mmHg, equivalent to 6,000 m after 10-12 days) and after return to SL (RSL, 1-3 days). Plasma volume (PV) was determined at rest at SL, HA, and RSL by Evans blue dilution. PV was decreased by 26% (P < 0.01) at HA and was 10% higher at RSL than at SL. Exercise-induced Delta PV was reduced both by PVX and HA (P < 0.05). Compared with SL, VO2max was decreased by 58 and 11% at HA and RSL, respectively. VO2max was enhanced by PVX at HA (+9%, P < 0.05) but not at SL or RSL. The more PV was decreased at HA, the more VO2max was improved by PVX (P < 0.05). At exhaustion, plasma renin and aldosterone were not modified at HA compared with SL but were higher at RSL, whereas plasma atrial natriuretic factor was lower at HA. The present results suggest that PV contributes to the limitation of VO2max during acclimatization to HA. RSL-induced PVX, which may be due to increased activity of the renin-aldosterone system, could also influence the recovery of VO2max.

hypoxia; blood volume; plasma lactate; gas exchange


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