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1 Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and 2 The Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 74720
The responses to oxidative stress
induced by chronic exercise (8-wk treadmill running) or acute exercise
(treadmill running to exhaustion) were investigated in the brain,
liver, heart, kidney, and muscles of rats. Various biomarkers
of oxidative stress were measured, namely, lipid peroxidation
[malondialdehyde (MDA)], protein oxidation (protein carbonyl levels
and glutamine synthetase activity), oxidative DNA damage
(8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and endogenous antioxidants (ascorbic
acid, 
-tocopherol, glutathione, ubiquinone, ubiquinol, and
cysteine). The predominant changes are in MDA, ascorbic acid,
glutathione, cysteine, and cystine. The mitochondrial fraction of brain
and liver showed oxidative changes as assayed by MDA similar to those
of the tissue homogenate. Our results show that the responses of the
brain to oxidative stress by acute or chronic exercise are quite
different from those in the liver, heart, fast muscle, and slow muscle;
oxidative stress by acute or chronic exercise elicits different
responses depending on the organ tissue type and its endogenous
antioxidant levels.
chronic exercise; acute exercise; lipid peroxidation; protein oxidation; mitochondria; antioxidants
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