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Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
The purpose of this study was to examine
single cell contractile mechanics of skeletal muscle before and after
12 wk of progressive resistance training (PRT) in older men
(n = 7; age = 74 ± 2 yr and weight = 75 ± 5 kg). Knee extensor PRT was performed 3 days/wk at 80% of
one-repetition maximum. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the
vastus lateralis before and after PRT (pre- and post-PRT, respectively). For analysis, chemically skinned single muscle fibers
were studied at 15°C for peak tension [the maximal isometric force
(Po)], unloaded shortening velocity
(Vo), and force-velocity parameters. In this
study, a total of 199 (89 pre- and 110 post-PRT) myosin heavy chain
(MHC) I and 99 (55 pre- and 44 post-PRT) MHC IIa fibers were reported.
Because of the minimal number of hybrid fibers identified post-PRT,
direct comparisons were limited to MHC I and IIa fibers. Muscle fiber
diameter increased 20% (83 ± 1 to 100 ± 1 µm) and 13%
(86 ± 1 to 97 ± 2 µm) in MHC I and IIa fibers,
respectively (P < 0.05). Po was higher
(P < 0.05) in MHC I (0.58 ± 0.02 to 0.90 ± 0.02 mN) and IIa (0.68 ± 0.02 to 0.85 ± 0.03 mN) fibers.
Muscle fiber Vo was elevated 75% (MHC I) and
45% (MHC IIa) after PRT (P < 0.05). MHC I and IIa
fiber power increased (P < 0.05) from 7.7 ± 0.5 to 17.6 ± 0.9 µN · fiber lengths · s
1 and from 25.5 to 41.1 µN · fiber
lengths · s1, respectively. These data indicate that
PRT in elderly men increases muscle cell size, strength, contractile
velocity, and power in both slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
However, it appears that these changes are more pronounced in the MHC I
muscle fibers.
skeletal muscle; myosin heavy chain; peak tension; shortening velocity
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