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1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
Acutely lowering ambient
O2 tension increases ventilation in many mammalian species,
including humans and mice.
Inheritance patterns among
kinships and between mouse strains suggest that a robust genetic
influence determines individual hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR).
Here, we tested specific genetic hypotheses to describe the inheritance
patterns of HVR phenotypes among two inbred mouse strains and their
segregant and nonsegregant progeny. Using whole body plethysmography,
we assessed the magnitude and pattern of ventilation in C3H/HeJ (C3)
and C57BL/6J (B6) progenitor strains at baseline and during acute
(3-5 min) hypoxic [mild hypercapnic hypoxia, inspired
O2 fraction
(FIO2) = 0.10] and normoxic (mild hypercapnic normoxia,
FIO2 = 0.21) inspirate
challenges in mild hypercapnia (inspired CO2
fraction = 0.03). First- and second-filial generations and two
backcross progeny were also studied to assess response distributions of
HVR phenotypes relative to the parental strains. Although the
minute ventilation (
E) during hypoxia
was comparable between the parental strains, breathing frequency
(f) and tidal volume were significantly different; C3 mice
demonstrated a slow, deep HVR relative to a rapid, shallow phenotype of
B6 mice. The HVR profile in B6C3F1/J mice suggested that
this offspring class represented a third phenotype, distinguishable from the parental strains. The distribution of HVR among
backcross and intercross offspring suggested that the inheritance
patterns for f and
E during
mild hypercapnic hypoxia are consistent with models that
incorporate two genetic determinants. These results further suggest
that the quantitative genetic expression of alleles derived from C3 and
B6 parental strains interact to significantly attenuate individual HVR
in the first- and second-filial generations. In conclusion, the genetic
control of HVR in this model was shown to exhibit a relatively simple
genetic basis in terms of respiratory timing characteristics.
C3H/HeJ; C57BL/6J; hypoventilation; hypercapnic ventilation; segregation analysis
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