Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Renal Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 88: 2279-2286, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 6, 2279-2286, June 2000

SPECIAL COMMUNICATION
Imaging obstructed ventilation with NMR using inert fluorinated gases

Dean O. Kuethe1, Arvind Caprihan2, H. Michael Gach3, Irving J. Lowe3, and Eiichi Fukushima2

1 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, and 2 New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108; and 3 Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260

We partially obstructed the left bronchi of rats and imaged an inert insoluble gas, SF6, in the lungs with NMR using a technique that clearly differentiates obstructed and normal ventilation. When the inhaled fraction of O2 is high, SF6 concentrates dramatically in regions of the lung with low ventilation-to-perfusion ratios (VA/Q); therefore, these regions are brighter in an image than where VA/Q values are normal or high. A second image, made when the inhaled fraction of O2 is low, serves as a reference because the SF6 fraction is nearly uniform, regardless of VA/Q. The quotient of the first and second images displays the low-VA/Q regions and is corrected for other causes of brightness variation. The technique may provide sufficient quantification of VA/Q to be a useful research tool. The noise in the quotient image is described by the probability density function for the quotient of two normal random variables. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the denominator image is >10, the signal-to-noise ratio of the quotient image is similar to that of the parent images and decreases with pixel value.

perfusion; sulfur hexafluoride; lung; quotient; magnetic resonance imaging; probability density function; nuclear magnetic resonance


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