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J Appl Physiol 88: 2227-2239, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 6, 2227-2239, June 2000

Aortic input impedance in infants and children

M. Keith Sharp1, George M. Pantalos2, Luann Minich3, Lloyd Y. Tani3, Edwin C. McGough4, and John A. Hawkins4

1 Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and 2 Department of Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112; and 3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, and 4 Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113

Flow and pressure measurements were performed in the ascending aortas of six pediatric patients ranging in age from 1 to 4 yr and in weight from 7.2 to 16.4 kg. From these measurements, input impedance was calculated. It was found that total vascular resistance decreased with increasing patient weight and was approximately one to three times higher than those of adults. Conductance per unit weight was relatively constant but was approximately three times higher than for adults. Strong inertial character was observed in the impedance of four of the six patients. Among a three-element and two four-element lumped-parameter models, the model with characteristic aortic resistor (Rc) and inertance in series followed by parallel peripheral resistor (Rp) and compliance fitted the data best. Rp decreased with increasing patient weight and was one to three times higher than in adults, and Rc decreased with increasing patient weight and was 2 to 15 times higher. The Rp-to-Rc ratio differed significantly between infants and children vs. adults. The results suggested that Rp developed more rapidly with patient weight than did Rc. Compliance values increased with increasing patient weight and were 3 to 16 times lower than adult values.

flow; pressure; resistance; compliance


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