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J Appl Physiol 88: 1474-1480, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 4, 1474-1480, April 2000

INVITED REVIEW
HIF-1: mediator of physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia

Gregg L. Semenza

Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-3914

All organisms can sense O2 concentration and respond to hypoxia with adaptive changes in gene expression. The large body size of mammals necessitates the development of multiple complex physiological systems to ensure adequate O2 delivery to all cells under normal conditions. The transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an essential mediator of O2 homeostasis. HIF-1 is required for the establishment of key physiological systems during development and their subsequent utilization in fetal and postnatal life. HIF-1 also appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease, which represent the major causes of mortality among industrialized societies. Genetic or pharmacological modulation of HIF-1 activity in vivo may represent a novel therapeutic approach to these disorders.

angiogenesis; glycolysis; ischemia; pulmonary hypertension; vascular endothelial growth factor; hypoxia-inducible factor 1


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