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J Appl Physiol 88: 1029-1035, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 3, 1029-1035, March 2000

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Tuomo Rankinen1, Louis Pérusse2, Jaques Gagnon2, Yvon C. Chagnon2, Arthur S. Leon3, James S. Skinner4, Jack H. Wilmore5, D. C. Rao6, and Claude Bouchard1

1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808-4124; 2 Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4;3  School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; 4 Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 11001; 5 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4243; and 6 Division of Biostatistics and Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093

It has been suggested that genetic variation in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with physical performance. We studied the association between the ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and several fitness phenotypes measured before and after 20 wk of a standardized endurance training program in sedentary Caucasian (n = 476) and black (n = 248) subjects. Phenotypes measured were oxygen uptake (VO2), work rate, heart rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and blood lactate levels during maximal and submaximal [50 W and at 60 and 80% of maximal VO2 (VO2 max)] exercise and stroke volume and cardiac output during submaximal exercise (50 W and at 60% VO2 max). The ACE ID polymorphism was typed with the three-primer PCR method. Out of 216 association tests performed on 54 phenotypes in 4 groups of participants, only 11 showed significant (P values from 0.042 to 0.0001) associations with the ACE ID polymorphism. In contrast to previous claims, in Caucasian offspring, the DD homozygotes showed a 14-38% greater increase with training in VO2 max, VO2 at 80% of VO2 max, and all work rate phenotypes and a 36% greater decrease in heart rate at 50 W than did the II homozygotes. No associations were evident in Caucasian parents or black parents or offspring. Thus these data do not support the hypothesis that the ACE ID polymorphism plays a major role in cardiorespiratory endurance.

candidate gene; exercise training; responsiveness; insertion/deletion polymorphism


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