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J Appl Physiol 88: 698-704, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 2, 698-704, February 2000

Glycogen loading alters muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise

Thomas B. Price1, Didier Laurent2, Kitt F. Petersen2, Douglas L. Rothman1, and Gerald I. Shulman2,3

Departments of 1 Diagnostic Radiology and 2 Internal Medicine and 3 The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510

This study compared muscle glycogen recovery after depletion of ~50 mmol/l (Delta Gly) from normal (Nor) resting levels (63.2 ± 2.8 mmol/l) with recovery after depletion of ~50 mmol/l from a glycogen-loaded (GL) state (99.3 ± 4.0 mmol/l) in 12 healthy, untrained subjects (5 men, 7 women). To glycogen load, a 7-day carbohydrate-loading protocol increased muscle glycogen 1.6 ± 0.2-fold (P <=  0.01). GL subjects then performed plantar flexion (single-leg toe raises) at 50 ± 3% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) to yield Delta Gly = 48.0 ± 1.3 mmol/l. The Nor trial, performed on a separate occasion, yielded Delta Gly = 47.5 ± 4.5 mmol/l. Interleaved natural abundance 13C-31P-NMR spectra were acquired and quantified before exercise and during 5 h of recovery immediately after exercise. During the initial 15 min after exercise, glycogen recovery in the GL trial was rapid (32.9 ± 8.9 mmol · l-1 · h-1) compared with the Nor trial (15.9 ± 6.9 mmol · l-1 · h-1). During the next 45 min, GL glycogen synthesis was not as rapid as in the Nor trial (0.9 ± 2.5 mmol · l-1 · h-1 for GL; 14.7 ± 3.0 mmol · l-1 · h-1 for Nor; P <=  0.005) despite similar glucose 6-phosphate levels. During extended recovery (60-300 min), reduced GL recovery rates continued (1.3 ± 0.5 mmol · l-1 · h-1 for GL; 3.9 ± 0.3 mmol · l-1 · h-1 for Nor; P <=  0.001). We conclude that glycogen recovery from heavy exercise is controlled primarily by the remaining postexercise glycogen concentration, with only a transient synthesis period when glycogen levels are not severely reduced.

nuclear magnetic resonance; carbohydrate loading


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