Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 88: 457-466, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 2, 457-466, February 2000

Gender differences in glucoregulatory responses to intense exercise

Errol B. Marliss1, Stuart H. Kreisman1, Anthony Manzon1, Jeffrey B. Halter2, Mladen Vranic3, and Sharon J. Nessim1

1 McGill Nutrition and Food Science Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1; 2 Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and 3 Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8

We compared glucoregulatory responses to intense exercise (14 min at 88% maximum O2 uptake) between genders (16 men, 12 women). Analysis of covariance of maximum O2 uptake showed no gender effect, with 82% of variance due to fat-free mass (FFM). Glycemia rose comparably during exercise but was higher in women during recovery (P = 0.02). Glucose production [rate of appearance (Ra); in mg/min] increased markedly in both; stepwise multiple regression and analysis of covariance of Ra (peak and incremental area under the curve) showed no effect of gender, body weight, or FFM. Glucose uptake [rate of disappearance (Rd)] increased less than Ra and slower in women. Rd area under the curve related to FFM (P = 0.01) but not gender or body weight. Norepinephrine and epinephrine responses (13-18× baseline) were the same and correlated significantly with Ra. Exercise insulin and glucagon changes were slight, but postexercise hyperinsulinemia was greater in women (P = 0.018), along with higher Rd. Therefore, intense exercise glucoregulation is qualitatively similar between genders, with a "feed-forward" regulation of Ra (consistent with catecholamine mediation). However, women have a lesser Rd response, related to FFM. This combination leads to greater recovery-period hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

female; male; catecholamines; glucose turnover; insulin; glucagon


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