Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Renal Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 88: 246-256, 2000;
8750-7587/00 $5.00
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Vol. 88, Issue 1, 246-256, January 2000

Women at altitude: carbohydrate utilization during exercise at 4,300 m

Barry Braun1, Jacinda T. Mawson1, Stephen R. Muza2, Shannon B. Dominick1, George A. Brooks3, Michael A. Horning3, Paul B. Rock2, Lorna G. Moore4, Robert S. Mazzeo5, Steven C. Ezeji-Okoye1, and Gail E. Butterfield1

1 Aging Study Unit, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California 93404; 2 Thermal and Mountain Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760; 3 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; 4 Womens Health Research Center, University of Colorado, Denver 80262; and 5 Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309

To evaluate the hypothesis that exposure to high altitude would reduce blood glucose and total carbohydrate utilization relative to sea level (SL), 16 young women were studied over four 12-day periods: at 50% of peak O2 consumption in different menstrual cycle phases (SL-50), at 65% of peak O2 consumption at SL (SL-65), and at 4,300 m (HA). After 10 days in each condition, blood glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) and respiratory exchange ratio were measured at rest and during 45 min of exercise. Glucose Rd during exercise at HA (4.71 ± 0.30 mg · kg-1 · min-1) was not different from SL exercise at the same absolute intensity (SL-50 = 5.03 mg · kg-1 · min-1) but was lower at the same relative intensity (SL-65 = 6.22 mg · kg-1 · min-1, P < 0.01). There were no differences, however, when glucose Rd was corrected for energy expended (kcal/min) during exercise. Respiratory exchange ratios followed the same pattern, except carbohydrate oxidation remained lower (-23.2%, P < 0.01) at HA than at SL when corrected for energy expended. In women, unlike in men, carbohydrate utilization decreased at HA. Relative abundance of estrogen and progesterone in women may partially explain the sex differences in fuel utilization at HA, but subtle differences between menstrual cycle phases at SL had no physiologically relevant effects.

stable isotope; hypobaric hypoxia; substrate utilization; glucose flux; gender differences; ovarian hormones; menstrual cycle


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