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1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224; 2 II Department of Valvular Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; 3 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Using external vascular
ultrasound, we measured brachial artery diameter (Diam) at rest, after
release of 4 min of limb ischemia, i.e., endothelium-dependent dilation
(EDD), and after sublingual nitroglycerin, i.e.,
non-endothelium-dependent dilation (NonEDD), in 35 healthy men aged
61-83 yr: 12 endurance athletes (A) and 23 controls (C). As
anticipated, treadmill exercise maximal oxygen consumption
(
O2 max) was
significantly higher in A than in C (40.2 ± 6.6 vs. 27.9 ± 3.8
ml · kg
1 · min1;
respectively, P < 0.0001). With regard to arterial
physiology, A had greater EDD (8.9 ± 4.2 vs. 5.7 ± 3.5%;
P = 0.02) and a tendency for higher NonEDD (13.9 ± 6.7
vs. 9.7 ± 4.2%; P = 0.07) compared with C. By multiple
linear regression analysis in the combined sample of older men, only
baseline Diam (
= 
2.0, where is the regression coefficient;
P = 0.005) and
O2 max ( = 0.23; P = 0.003) were independent predictors of EDD; similarly,
only Diam ( = 4.0; P = 0.003) and
O2 max ( = 0.27;
P = 0.01) predicted NonEDD. Thus endurance-trained older men
demonstrate both augmented EDD and NonEDD, consistent with a
generalized enhanced vasodilator responsiveness, compared with their
sedentary age peers.
endothelial function; exercise; training
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