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J Appl Physiol 87: 2073-2080, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
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Vol. 87, Issue 6, 2073-2080, December 1999

Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison to ozone absorption

Vladislav Nodelman and James S. Ultman

Biomolecular Transport Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

The bolus inhalation method was used to measure the fraction of inhaled chlorine (Cl2) and ozone (O3) absorbed during a single breath as a function of longitudinal position in the respiratory system of 10 healthy nonsmokers during oral and nasal breathing at respired flows of 150, 250, and 1,000 ml/s. At all experimental conditions, <5% of inspired Cl2 penetrated beyond the upper airways and none reached the respiratory air spaces. On the other hand, larger penetrations of O3 beyond the upper airways occurred as flow increased and during nasal than during oral breathing. In the extreme case of oral breathing at 1,000 ml/s, 35% of inhaled O3 penetrated beyond the upper airways and ~10% reached the respiratory air spaces. Mass transfer theory indicated that the diffusion resistance of the tissue phase was negligible for Cl2 but important for O3. The gas phase resistances were the same for Cl2 and O3 and were directly correlated with the volume of the nose and mouth during nasal and oral breathing, respectively.

air pollution; inhalation toxicology; lung dosimetry; mass transfer coefficient; regional uptake


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