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Department of Anesthesiology and General Clinical Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
We conducted a series of studies to develop and
test a rapid, noninvasive method to measure limb venous compliance in
humans. First, we measured forearm volume (mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges) and antecubital intravenous pressure during inflation of a
venous collecting cuff around the upper arm. Intravenous pressure fit
the regression line, 
0.3 ± 0.7 + 0.95 ± 0.02 · cuff pressure
(r = 0.99 ± 0.00), indicating cuff
pressure is a good index of intravenous pressure. In subsequent
studies, we measured forearm and calf venous compliance by inflating
the venous collecting cuff to 60 mmHg for 4 min, then decreasing cuff
pressure at 1 mmHg/s (over 1 min) to 0 mmHg, using cuff
pressure as an estimate of venous pressure. This method produced
pressure-volume curves fitting the quadratic regression (
limb
volume) = 
0 + 1 · (cuff pressure) + 2 · (cuff
pressure)2, where is change.
Curves generated with this method were reproducible from day to day
(coefficient of variation: 4.9%). In 11 subjects we measured venous
compliance via this method under two conditions: with and without (in
random order) superimposed sympathetic activation (ischemic handgrip
exercise to fatigue followed by postexercise ischemia). Calf
and forearm compliance did not differ between control and sympathetic
activation (P > 0.05); however, the
data suggest that unstressed volume was reduced by the maneuver. These studies demonstrate that venous pressure-volume curves can be generated
both rapidly and noninvasively with this technique. Furthermore, the
results suggest that although whole-limb venous compliance is under
negligible sympathetic control in humans, unstressed volume can be
affected by the sympathetic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system; orthostasis; hemodynamics; unstressed volume
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