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J Appl Physiol 87: 1360-1367, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
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Vol. 87, Issue 4, 1360-1367, October 1999

INVITED REVIEW
Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage

Katsuhiko Suzuki1, Manabu Totsuka2, Shigeyuki Nakaji1, Mutsuo Yamada1, Satoru Kudoh1, Qiang Liu1, Kazuo Sugawara1, Kanemitsu Yamaya3, and Koki Sato2

1 Department of Hygiene, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562; 2 Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8560; and 3 Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8243, Japan

We analyzed adaptation mechanisms regulating systemic inflammatory response of the stressed body by using an experimental challenge of repeated exercise bouts and accompanying muscle inflammation. Eight untrained men bicycled at 90 W for 90 min, 3 days in a row. Exercise induced peripheral neutrophilia with a leftward shift of neutrophil nucleus and neutrophil priming for oxidative activity determined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Plasma growth hormone and interleukin-6 rose significantly after exercise and were closely correlated with the neutrophil responses. Serum creatine kinase and myoglobin levels as muscle damage markers rose after exercise in "delayed onset" and were closely correlated with the preceding neutrophil responses. These exercise-induced responses were strongest on day 1, but the magnitude gradually decreased with progressive daily exercise. In contrast, the magnitude of catecholamine responses to exercise sessions gradually rose, possibly suppressing neutrophil oxidative responses. These results indicate that stress-induced systemic release of bioactive substances may determine neutrophil mobilization and functional status, which then may affect local tissue damage of susceptible organs.

growth hormone; interleukin-6; catecholamine; reactive oxygen species; systemic inflammatory response syndrome


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