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1 Centre for Cardiovascular
Genetics,
Human physical performance is strongly
influenced by genetic factors. A variation in the
structure of the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has
been reported in which the insertion (I) variant is associated with
lower ACE levels than the deletion (D) gene. We have previously
reported that the I variant was associated with improved endurance
performance in high-altitude mountaineers and British Army recruits. We
now examine this genotype distribution in 91 British Olympic-standard
runners (79 Caucasians). DNA was extracted from the buccal cells
contained in 10 ml of saline mouthwash donated by the subjects, and the I and D variants of the ACE gene were identified by PCR amplification of the polymorphic region. There was an increasing frequency of the I
allele with distance run [0.35, 0.53, and 0.62 for 
200 m
(n = 20), 400-3,000 m
(n = 37), and 
5,000 m
(n = 34), respectively; P = 0.009 for linear trend].
Among 404 Olympic-standard athletes from 19 other mixed sporting
disciplines (in which endurance performance was not necessarily a key
factor), the I allele did not differ significantly from that found in
control subjects: 0.50 vs. 0.49 (P = 0.526). These results support a positive association of the I allele
with elite endurance performance.
exercise; angiontensin I-converting enzyme genotype; polymorphism
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