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1 Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; and 2 Center for Human Nutrition of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
Regulatory
functions of glycogen stores and blood glucose on human appetite,
particularly relating to exercise, are not fully understood. Ten men
(age 20-31 yr) performed glycogen-depleting exercise in an
evening, ate a low-carbohydrate dinner, and stayed overnight in the
laboratory. The next day, blood glucose was monitored continuously for
517 ± 23 (SE) min. Subjects had access to high-fat and
high-carbohydrate foods after baseline glucose and respiratory quotient
were determined. In the afternoon, 1 h of moderate exercise was
performed. Baseline respiratory quotient was 0.748 ± 0.008, plasma
free fatty acids were 677 ± 123 µmol/l, insulin was 4.8 ± 0.5 µU/ml, and leptin was 1.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml.
Postabsorptively, 8 of 10 meals were initiated during stability in
blood glucose. Postprandially, the association between meal initiation
and blood glucose declines became significant
(
2 = 7.82). During moderate
exercise, blood glucose initially decreased but recovered before
completion. When the glycogen buffer is depleted, meal initiation can
occur during blood glucose stability; the relationship between blood
glucose declines and meal initiation reestablishes with refeeding.
glucostatic theory; glycogenostatic theory; food intake regulation; hunger; satiety
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