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1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2609; and 2 Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Recent
investigations have demonstrated that at the onset of
low-to-moderate-intensity leg cycling exercise (L) the carotid baroreflex (CBR) was classically reset in direct relation to the intensity of exercise. On the basis of these data, we proposed that the
CBR would also be classically reset at the onset of moderate- to
maximal-intensity L exercise. Therefore, CBR stimulus-response relationships were compared in seven male volunteers by using the neck
pressure-neck suction technique during dynamic exercise that ranged in
intensity from 50 to 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (
O2 max). L
exercise alone was performed at 50 and 75%
O2 max, and L
exercise combined with arm (A) exercise (L + A) was performed at 75 and 100%
O2 max.
O2 consumption and heart rate (HR)
increased in direct relation with the increases in exercise intensity.
The threshold and saturation pressures of the carotid-cardiac reflex at
100% O2 max were
>75% O2 max, which
were in turn >50%
O2 max (P < 0.05), without a change in the
maximal reflex gain (Gmax). In
addition, the HR response value at threshold and saturation at 75%
O2 max was >50%
O2 max
(P < 0.05) and 100%
O2 max was
>75%
O2 max
(P < 0.07). Similar changes were
observed for the carotid-vasomotor reflex. In addition, as exercise
intensity increased, the operating point (the prestimulus blood
pressure) of the CBR was significantly relocated further from the
centering point (Gmax) of the
stimulus-response curve and was at threshold during 100%
O2 max. These
findings identify the continuous classic rightward and upward resetting
of the CBR, without a change in Gmax, during increases in dynamic
exercise intensity to maximal effort.
threshold; saturation; operating point; central command; exercise pressor reflex
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