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Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas 75231; and Department of Radiology and Program in Advanced Radiological Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9085
Skeletal muscle can utilize many
different substrates, and traditional methodologies allow only indirect
discrimination between oxidative and nonoxidative uptake of substrate,
possibly with contamination by metabolism of other internal organs. Our
goal was to apply 1H- and
13C-nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy to monitor the patterns of
[3-13C]lactate and
[1,2-13C]acetate
(model of simple carbohydrates and fats, respectively) utilization in
resting vs. contracting muscle extracts of the isolated perfused rat
hindquarter. Total metabolite concentrations were measured
by using NADH-linked fluorometric assays. Fractional oxidation of
[3-13C]lactate was
unchanged by contraction despite vascular endogenous lactate
accumulation. Although label accumulated in several citric acid cycle
(CAC) intermediates, contraction did not increase the concentration of
CAC intermediates in any muscle extracts. We conclude that
1) the isolated rat hindquarter is a
viable, well-controlled model for measuring skeletal muscle
13C-labeled substrate utilization;
2) lactate is readily oxidized even
during contractile activity; 3)
entry and exit from the CAC, via oxidative and nonoxidative pathways,
is a component of normal muscle metabolism and function; and
4) there are possible differences between gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in utilization of nonoxidative pathways.
citric acid cycle; glycolysis; gastrocnemius; soleus; isolated perfused rat hindquarter; carbon-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; hydrogen-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; muscle metabolism; anaplerosis; lactate shuttle
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