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1 Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; 2 BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; 3 Department of General Surgery Research, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232; 4 Medical Immunotherapy Program, Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas 79106; and 5 Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608
Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to two 8-day
spaceflights on the space shuttle. Rats housed in the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration's animal enclosure were
injected (iv or sc) with pegylated interleukin-2 (PEG-IL-2) or a
placebo. We tested the hypothesis that PEG-IL-2 would ameliorate some
of the effects of spaceflight. We measured body and organ weights;
blood cell differentials; plasma corticosterone; colony-forming units (macrophage and granulocyte macrophage); lymphocyte mitogenic, superantigenic, and interferon-
responses; bone marrow cell and peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion; and bone strength and mass.
Few immunological parameters were affected by spaceflight. However,
some spaceflight effects were observed in each flight. Specifically,
peritoneal macrophage spontaneous secretion of tumor necrosis
factor-
occurred in the first but not in the second flight. A
significant monocytopenia and lymphocytopenia were detected in the
second but not in the first flight. The second mission produced bone
changes more consistent with past spaceflight investigations. PEG-IL-2
did not appear to be beneficial; however, this was mostly due to the
lack of spaceflight effects. These studies reflect the difficulty in
reproducing experimental models by using current space shuttle conditions.
pegylated interleukin-2; animal enclosure module; space shuttle; bone; lymphocyte; macrophage
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